名词：(一)名词变复数
1.规则名词复数形式：
在单数名词后加“s” day → days week → weeks2.在以 o, s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加“es”。
hero → heroes box → boxes class → classes
bush → bushes watch → watches3.黄金重点：
I.有些以o结尾的外来词或缩略词的复数形式只加“s”。
II.以元音字母加o结尾的单词只加“s”。(不认识的单词，请你查词典，懒惰是学英语的唯一大忌。)
piano，photo，zero，radio，bamboo，tobacco，solo，cuckoo，dynamo，cameo，soprano教你一招 ☆
如果以O结尾的名词有生命力，则该词汇一般加-es。
hero，tomato，potato，Negro(黑人)[ 简记：黑人英雄吃西红柿马铃薯。]4.以辅音加y结尾的名词变y为i再加“es”
family → families city → cities5.y前面是元音字母只加“s”
key → keys boy → boys play → plays toy → toys6.以f、fe结尾的名词，变 f / fe为 v加 es。
calf → calves knife → knives۩ 当心当心：
I.下列名词直接加“s”。(请大声朗读三遍，然后背下。注意读音!)
roof(房顶)，reef(暗礁)，chief(首领)，cliff(悬崖)，grief(悲痛)，turf(草皮)， belief(信仰)，gulf(港湾)，dwarf(侏儒)，safe(保险箱)，sheriff(长官)，tariff(关税)
II.scarf(头巾)，wharf(码头)，staff(全体职员)，handkerchief(手帕)和 hoof(蹄)既可直接加“s”，又可变 f为 v加 es.(二)不规则名词复数形式1. foot → feet mouse → mice goose → geese child → children ox → oxen louse → lice woman → women man → men2.单复数同形：
sheep, deer, fish, means, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, works,
barracks(兵营) bellows(风箱) kennels(狗窝)3.一些英语外来词的复数形式：
crisis→crises 危机
analysis→analyses 分析
oasis→oases 绿洲
parenthesis→parentheses 括号
axis→axes 轴心
ellipsis→ellipses 日蚀
hypothesis→hypotheses 假定
synopsis→synopses 内容提要
erratum→errata 勘误误表
addendum→addenda 补遗、附录
medium→media 媒体
(以上单词熟悉即可)(三)复合名词复数形式
1.中间没有连字符的合成名词在词尾变复数：
bookshelf→bookshelves handful→handfuls2.man和 woman构成的复合名词，二者均变为复数。
man servant → men servants
woman teache r→ women teachers3.中间有连字符的合成次，在主体词(中心意义的词)末尾变复数：
sister-in-law → sisters-in-law
looker-on → lookers-on
editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief4.下列合成名词在后一个词上变化：
sit-in→sit-ins, grown-up→grown-ups
stand-by→stand-bys touch-me-not→touch-me-nots
go-between→go-betweens(四)名词所有格1.在大多数名词末加“'s”
the boy's toy, men's work2.以 s结尾的复数名词直接加“'”
the students' reading room3.以 s结尾的单数名词加“'”
Dickens' novels the actress' performance4.合成名词在最后一个词上加“s”
her brother-in-law's piano.
Somebody else's books. (重要!)
【金牌重点】除用于有生命的人外，“'s”格还可用于度量衡、地域、天体及一些习语中：
an hour's drive, a mile's journey
ten pounds' weight, Beijing's weather
the earth's surface
a stone's throw 投石之距离
at one's wits end 智穷计尽
to one's heart's content 尽情地
by a hair's breadth 千钧一发
at a snail's pace 缓慢地5.双重所有格：
如果被修饰的名词前有不定冠词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词修饰。则要采用双重所有格。
a friend of mine (名词性物主代词)
a child of hers
the love poems of your sister's
注意区别：
● a portrait of her mother 她母亲的画像(画中人)
● a portrait of her mother's 她母亲拥有的画像中的一幅(不一定是她母亲的画像)测试精编1. Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes.
A. shoes store B. shoe's store C. shoe store D. shoes' store2. As a safety precaution, all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change for a ________ bill.
A. ten-dollar B. ten-dollars
C. tens-dollar D. ten-dollar's3. Recently, he has lost all his ________ at cards.
A. wage and saving B. wages and saving
C. wage and savings D. wages and savings4. I want ________ .
A. a dollar worth candy B. candy a dollar's worth
C. a dollar's worth of candy D. a dollar worth's candy5.The surroundings a child grows up in usually ________ an effect on his development.
A. have B. had C. do D. has(后设答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)KEYS1. C 2.A 3.D 4. C 5.A
