挪威诺贝尔委员会11日宣布，将2013年诺贝尔和平奖授予禁止化学武器组织，以表彰其“为消除化学武器所做的诸多努力”。奖金达1250万美元。该组织负责监督叙利亚化学武器的销毁。
The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) has been awarded the 2013 Nobel peace prize "for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons."
Announcing the decision on Friday, Thorbjoern Jagland, chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, said that since its coming into being in 1997, the OPCW, which is based in The Hague, the Netherlands, has sought to implement the 1992-93 convention for the prohibition of production, storage and use of chemical weapons.
The chemical attack in Syria months back was cited by the the Nobel Committee as the most recent incident of chemical weapons being put to use, which highlights "the need to enhance the efforts to do away with such weapons."
In a statement read out by Jagland at the packed press conference, the United States and Russia, in particular, were singled out as the states which have failed to observe the April 2012 deadline for destroying chemical weapons.
"It is natural that we now come back to the topic of disarmament and arms control" and the OPCW was on the table from the very beginning when the committee considered this year's winner, said Jagland.
Chemical weapons were used significantly in the First World War, resulting in the Geneva Convention in 1925 banning the use but not the production and storage of chemical weapons, said the statement issued by the Norwegian Nobel Committee.
During The Second World War, chemical agents were used extensively in the Nazi concentration camps in Europe to kill captives. Later, chemical weapons have been used several times by both states and terrorists .
The OPCW currently with 189 members is an international organization tasked with implementing the 1992-93 convention for the prohibition of chemical weapons. It entered into force in 1997.
Since mid-August this year, the OPCW has been in Syria making efforts to destroying chemical weapons.
The OPCW has become an important instrument for resolving the crisis in Syria and "we see here how a multilateral framework and a multilateral organization appears to be a good, perhaps the only instrument to resolve an international crisis," said Jagland.
Norwegian lawyer Fredrik S. Heffermehl, one of the strong critics in Norway to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, described as "a half-hearted tribute to (Alfred) Nobel" the Nobel peace prize for the OPCW, which was seen by many as the least controversial in comparison with the prize decisions over the past four years.
Admitting that the Norwegian Nobel Committee is correct in stating that disarmament figures prominently in Alfred Nobel's testament, Heffermehl asked: Why does the committee always hide that what Nobel wished to support was a great plan for abolition of all weapons in all countries.
"The committee's best kept secret is that Nobel wished to demilitarize international relations, not only civilize war but abolish it, " said the Norwegian lawyer.
The 2013 Nobel peace prize falls into a pattern where Norwegian politicians misuse the prize "to honor fellow statesmen and serve Western official policies or dissidents in non-Western countries," said Heffermehl.
Thorbjorn Jagland, who was a former Norwegian prime minister and foreign minister, has used the prize "to pat the back" of U.S. President Barack Obama in 2009 and this year, the Norwegian Nobel Committee is "helpful once again with its prize to the OPCW" as the United States has been confronting Syria, said the Norwegian lawyer.(Xinhua)
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原因
为消除化武做出诸多努力
挪威诺委会主席托尔比约恩?亚格兰当天在奥斯陆举行的新闻发布会上说，自1997年《禁止化学武器公约》生效以来，禁止化学武器组织便一直以检查、销毁及其他手段来执行这一公约，以实现公约确定的禁止生产、储存和使用化学武器的宗旨。
在关于授予禁止化学武器组织本年度和平奖的声明中，挪威诺委会简要回顾了两次世界大战中使用化学武器的惨痛历史以及战后国际社会为消除化学武器所做的努力，同时特别指出最近发生在叙利亚的使用化学武器事件再次凸显了“努力消灭使用化学武器的必要性”。
这份声明还专门提到美国和俄罗斯等国未能在2012年4月这一最后期限之前销毁化学武器。
诺贝尔奖委员会称，禁止化学武器组织获奖不是因为叙利亚，而是因为该组织长期不懈的工作表现。该委员会还表示，裁减军备是诺贝尔奖创设者阿尔弗雷德?诺贝尔的愿望，将诺贝尔和平奖颁发给禁止化学武器组织，也是为了给消灭化学武器做贡献。
由于叙利亚首都大马士革郊区8月份发生了使用沙林毒气攻击事件，造成1400多人死亡，因此该组织的使命在今年显得更为重要。美国指责叙利亚政府军发动此次攻击，巴沙尔?阿萨德政府则对此予以否认，并称真凶是反对派武装。面对美国的军事打击威胁，叙利亚总统最终同意销毁叙利亚的化学武器，并允许禁止化学武器组织人员核查。
介绍
禁止化学武器组织
禁止化学武器组织于1997年5月23日成立。1997年生效的《禁止化学武器公约》(简称《公约》)的宗旨和目标是全面禁止和彻底销毁所有化学武器，并为此规定了严格的核查机制;促进化工领域的国际交流与合作。禁止化学武器组织是监督《公约》实施的机构，以确保《公约》的各项条款得到有效执行，并为缔约国提供进行协商与合作的论坛。
截至2012年12月，共有成员国188个。第一任总干事何塞?布斯塔尼(Jose M.Bustani)，巴西人，任期1997年5月至2002年4月。第二任总干事罗赫略?菲尔特(Rogelio Pfirter)，阿根廷人，任期2002年7月至2010年7月。第三任总干事阿赫迈特?尤祖姆居，土耳其人，2010年7月就任，任期至2014年7月。
禁止化学武器组织的总部在荷兰海牙。它的组织机构包括缔约国大会、执行理事会和技术秘书处等。
至2012年12月，禁止化学武器组织进行了4700余次视察。至2012年12月，禁化武组织召开了17届缔约国大会和70届执理会，审议化武销毁、促进国家履约措施、防护与援助、国际合作、《公约》普遍性及其他履约相关问题。
1997年4月25日，中国成为《公约》的原始缔约国。
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