2008年12月大学英语四级预测卷及答案

          Part Ⅱ       Reading Comprehension           (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)

　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

　　For questions 1-7, mark

　　Y (for YES)           if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

　　N (for NO)           if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

　　NG (for NOT GIVEN)  if the information is not given in the passage.

　　For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

　　Airplane

　　Airplane Instruments

　　Modern airplanes are complicated machines. Pilots need many gauges(量表) and electronic aids to help fly them. The flight deck of a large passenger plane contains many indicator dials and warning lights. One of the most important instruments is the altimeter, which tells the pilot how high the plane is off the ground. The air speed indicator measures the plane's speed. The artificial horizon shows the position of the plane relative to the horizon. The turn and back indicator shows how much, if at all, the plane is turning and tilting. In dense clouds and fog, a pilot would not always know which way the plane is heading if it weren't for this instrument. A gyrocompass(旋转罗盘)and various radio devices are necessary for navigation.

　　Most large planes also have an automatic pilot. This is a device operated by a computer. It will fly the plane without the pilots touching the controls. These autopilots can even control takeoffs and landings. The flight deck also contains many gauges and meters that tell the pilot whether the many pieces of equipment on the plane are operating properly. They measure fuel level, temperatures, cabin pressure, electric current, etc. Indicators show whether the landing gear is up or down. The radio equipment allows the pilot to talk to ground controllers and to receive navigation signals.

　　Airplane Construction

　　Early airplanes were made of wood frames covered by fabric and held in shape by wire. After World War I, airplane designers started to use lightweight metals like aluminum, titanium, and magnesium alloys. A thin skin of metal was riveted into place over metal ribs. Strong epoxy(环氧的) glues are now used for some joints, instead of rivets. As planes grew in size, they became heavier. More powerful engines were developed in order to fly the heavier planes.

　　The use of metals brings with it a problem called metal fatigue. Stress and vibration in flight can cause metal parts eventually to break up. Airplanes must be constantly checked for signs of this trouble. Defective parts must be renewed by aircraft maintenance people.

　　Designers test scale models in wind tunnels before the full sized planes are built. Reactions of the models to high speed air streams give good indications how full sized planes will react in flight. This approach helps save a lot of money. It also helps to make airplanes safe.

　　Airport

　　An airport is a place where airplanes arrive and depart. Passengers leave and arrive on the airplanes and cargo is loaded and unloaded. Large, jet powered airplanes require long runways for takeoffs and landings. Big terminal buildings are necessary to handle thousands of passengers and their baggage. Very large airports usually serve several large cities and cover thousands of acres. Hundreds of planes arrive and depart daily. All this traffic must be carefully controlled to avoid delays and accidents. This is done from a control tower. The tower stands high above the ground. Air traffic controllers, inside the tower, must be able to guide airplanes through their takeoffs and landings.

　　Large airports are often like small cities. Many have post offices, banks, hotels, restaurants, and many kinds of shops. Airports have their own fire and police departments, fuel storage tanks, and repair work shops. Some companies even have their shipping warehouses located at airports.

　　One of the largest airports in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth. This airport covers 7 200 hectares （18 000 acres）.Its five terminals can handle the arrivals and departures of 90 jumbo jets at the same time. O'Hare International Airport, in Chicago, is the busiest airport in the world. It handles more than 37 million passengers a year.

　　Small airports that are used only by private airplanes usually cover 20 to 40 hectares （50 to 100 acres）.They do not need all the buildings and services of a large airport. The control tower may be just a small room in a building at ground level.

　　Runways

　　Early planes were light. Early runways were sometimes just level grass fields. Paved runways became necessary when airplanes became heavier and faster. Today's big jet planes weigh hundreds of tons. They move along runways at speeds of 160 kph （100 mph）.When they land, the runways take a lot of pounding and must be made of concrete or asphalt(沥青).They must have solid foundations and a surface that prevents skidding.

　　Airplanes take off into the wind in order to get better lift. They also land into the wind to have better control as they slow down. Most airports have runways pointing in different directions. This means that there are always runways on which airplanes can go into the wind as they take off and land.

　　Heavily loaded passenger jets need long runways to gather enough speed to leave the ground. Runways at some large airports are longer than 3 000m（10 000 ft）.

　　At night, bright lights line the runways so that pilots can find them without trouble. A system of flashing guide lights is set up beyond the runway to help pilots land safely.

　　Control Towers

　　People who work in control towers are called air traffic controllers. They direct the movements of all planes on the ground and in the air by keeping track of them on large radar screens. Air traffic controllers tell a pilot, by radio, when and where to taxi or pilot the plane down the runway.

　　Electronic equipment is used to guide airplanes. Long range radar is used to keep track of planes far away from the airport. This radar is called Ground Control Approach (GCA).When the airplane gets within a few miles of the runway, the air traffic controller begins to use Precision Approach Radar (PAR).This allows the controller to guide the airplane to within 0.4km（0.25mi）of the runway. At that point, the pilot completes the landing. Another electronic aid used in bad weather is the Instrument Landing System (ILS).In this system, radio transmitters located near the runway send guidance signals to the airplane. These signals tell the pilot how to steer the plane for the final approach to the runways. Today, there are also electronic "microwave" landing systems (MLS) that can land the plane fully automatically.

　　Terminal Buildings

　　Terminal buildings vary in size and shape. Most of them are quite large. More than 228 million people fly on the airlines in America every year. Every passenger must pass through terminals. Long, covered walkways lead from the center of some terminals to the gates where airplanes are boarded. At some airports, buses are used to transport passengers to their airplanes. Passengers arriving from another country must pass through customs and passport control. Customs officials check the incoming baggage for taxable items. They also check passengers to be sure no forbidden items are brought into the country. Passport officials check the passports of passengers for personal identification.

　　Passengers are not allowed to bring guns, knives, or other weapons onto a passenger airplane. Before boarding, they must walk through a detector which triggers a special signal if they are carrying anything made of metal. Luggage is also examined for weapons. This is done to ensure the safety of the passengers.

　　1. The main purpose of this passage is to introduce the history of airplanes.

　　2. The device of an automatic pilot can usually fly a plane more smoothly than a human pilot.

　　3. With the help of the radio equipment, pilots are able to communicate with ground controllers.

　　4. We can tell from the passage that early airplanes are not as solid as modern ones.

　　5. According to the passage, the busiest airport in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth.

　　6. The runways should be long and solid enough for the heavily loaded jets.

　　7. Precision Approach Radar (PAR) is used by air traffic controllers to keep track of airplanes far away from the airport.

　　8. The planes can be landed fully automatically if the control towers are equipped with       .

　　9. After getting off the plane, every passenger arriving from another country must pass through         .

　　10. When passengers go through a detector before they board, and anything made of metal is detected, the detector triggers       .

　　Part Ⅲ                      Listening Comprehension                 (35 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　11. A) He should start to find a new apartment right now.

　　B) He should buy an apartment right away.

　　C) He should start to find a new apartment in a few weeks.

　　D) He should buy an apartment near the campus.

　　12. A) He's surprised she chose that agency.  

　　B) He wonders why she is still keeping the job.

　　C) He doesn't know when her classes started. 

　　D) He doubts if she makes much money now.

　　13. A) Writing an essay.                 B) Studying for a test.

　　C) Shopping for shoes.               D) Reading a magazine.

　　14. A) Because she can't watch TV.

　　B) Because her ears were hurt.

　　C) Because she can't hear the words on the telephone.

　　D) Because her eyes were hurt.

　　15. A) William is just starting the violin lessons.  

　　B) William can't play the violin.

　　C) William is very modest about his performance.  

　　D) William is very proud of his performance.
16. A) Children learn by example.          B) Children must not tell lies.

　　C) Children don't like discipline.        D) Children must control their temper.

　　17. A) At the Computer Center.             B) At home.

　　C) At company.                      D) At the Oak Street.

　　18. A) He has refused another dinner appointment.  

　　B) He doesn't eat out very often.

　　C) He knows the way to the restaurant.

　　D) He does not like to eat out either.

　　Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. A) How to arrange for a trip.           B) How to book a satisfactory room.

　　C) When the shop will be closed.       D) What the weather is like.

　　20. A) Because there is an excellent bus service.          

　　B) Because there is an excellent railway service.       

　　C) Because there is an excellent subway system.

　　D) Because taxi system there isn't convenient.

　　21. A) Usually warm but sometimes very cold and wet. 

　　B) Always warm.

　　C) Usually cold and wet but sometimes warm. 

　　D) Always cold.

　　22. A) At once.                        B) Fifteen days later.

　　C) By the 15th of this month.         D) In the middle of this year.

　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　23. A) He will return to his hometown.     B) He will play tennis.

　　C) He will join the woman for dinner.   D) He will go to a coffee shop with the woman.

　　24. A) Because she doesn't drink coffee.    B) Because she has a plane to catch.

　　C) Because she has to go to a lesson.       D) Because she doesn't like the man.

　　25. A) He will postpone the trip.           B) He will marry the woman.

　　C) He will cook dinner for the woman.      D) He will take tennis lessons.

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　26. A) To drink as much as possible each day.

　　B) To drink as actually needed.

　　C) To drink eight glasses of water daily.

　　D) To drink no more than eight glasses daily.

　　27. A) To drink according to the exercises you have done.

　　B) To drink according to the need of your body.

　　C) To drink according to the seasons.

　　D) To drink according to the World Health Organization's recommendation.

　　28. A) Because the rule is out of date.

　　B) Because the rule is made for sick people.

　　C) Because the rule is based on the studies under extraordinary conditions.

　　D) Because the rule is based on the need of soldiers and patients.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　29. A) They share certain traditional customs. B) They share the traditional costumes.

　　C) They share certain traditional foods.   D) They share the traditional music.

　　30. A) They will exchange rings.           B) They will exchange presents.

　　C) They will exchange promises.        D) They will exchange flowers.

　　31. A) To hold a reception party.            B) To have a big dinner.

　　C) To congratulate on the couple.        D) To shower the couple with rice.

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　32. A) It resembles the biological virus.

　　B) It works the same way as the human virus.

　　C) It influences the human as the biological viruses do.

　　D) It spreads to people who use the infected computers.

　　33. A) They invade the computer and make it a place for manufacturing.

　　B) They spread throughout the whole system by quickly copying themselves.

　　C) They infect the hard disc and the whole system.

　　D) They spread viruses inside the computer system.

　　34. A) It is a virus that causes great damage.

　　B) It is a virus that once infected the IBM's computer system.

　　C) It is a virus that carries a Christmas greeting.

　　D) It is a virus that causes no harm to the computer systems.

　　35. A) It can cause no damages at all.

　　B) It can cause damages to the computer systems.

　　C) It can copy your files in computers.

　　D) It can format your hard drive.
      Section C

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

　　All that we really need to plot out the future of our universe are a few good measurements. This does not mean that we can sit down today and (36)     the future course of the universe with anything like (37)    . There are still too many things we do not know about the way the universe is put together. But we do know (38)     what information we need to fill in our knowledge, and we have a pretty good (39)     of how to go about getting it.

　　Perhaps the best way to think of our present situation is to (40)     a train coming into a switchyard. All of the switches are set before the train arrives, so that its path is completely (41)    . Some switches we can see, others we cannot. There is no doubt if we can see the setting of a switch: we can say with confidence that some (42)     futures will not be realized and others will. At the unseen (43)    , however, there is no such certainty about it. (44) The unseen switches are the true decision points in the future, and what happens when we arrive at them determines the entire subsequent course of events.

　　(45)but after that there are decision points to be dealt with and possible fates to consider. (46)                             .

　　Part Ⅳ               Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)        (25 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

　　Swiss Re Tower is a typical example of green architecture in London, and what is most remarkable about this building is its energy efficiency. Thanks to its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less energy than a comparable conventional office building. Green architecture is changing the way building are designed, built and run.

　　Green architecture, a term which only came into use in the 1990s, has its origins in the energy crisis of the 1970s, when architects began to question the wisdom of building enclosed glass and steel boxes that required massive heating and cooling systems.

　　The forward looking architects began to explore designs that focused on the long term environmental impact of maintaining and operating a building. This approach has since been formalized in a number of assessment and rating systems, such as the BREEAM standard introduced in Britain in 1990, and the LEED standard developed by the United States Green Building Council starting in 2000.

　　Going green saves money by reducing long term energy costs; a survey of 99 green buildings in America found that on average, they use 30% less energy than comparably conventional buildings.

　　Green buildings can also have other benefits. The use of natural daylight in office buildings, for example, as well as reducing energy costs, also seems to make workers more productive. Lockheed Martin, an aerospace(航空宇宙) firm, found that absenteeism(旷工) fell by 15% after it moved 2 500 employees into a new green building in Sunnyvale, California.

　　47. Owing to its delicate design and advanced technology, Swiss Re Tower in London uses less energy than those traditional office buildings by      .

　　48. Green architecture could date back to      .

　　49. Today, when assessing and rating architecture, the long term environmental effect in the maintenance of the building has been      .

　　50. Green architectures can reduce expenditure on the maintenance by     .

　　51. Besides the benefit of saving money, green buildings can also bring    

　　Section B

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　Television is often viewed as an anti intellectual medium. But truly clever people know how to use even the most unpromising material, and that is what Val Curtis and her colleagues at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine have done. They employed the mass market appeal of TV to test a long held, but unproven, hypothesis（假设）: that the emotion of disgust evolved to protect people from disease.

　　They set up their experiment in October 2007, by publicizing it on a BBC program called "Human Instincts". Viewers were invited to visit a website and, after giving a few biographical（个人介绍的）details, to view a series of 20 pictures and rate each of them for disgustingness on a scale of one to five. They were also asked to choose, from a list of possible candidates, with whom they would least like to share a toothbrush.

　　The results showed that in all seven pairs, the disease distinct pictures were more disgusting than their counterparts. For things like the apparent depiction of bodily fluids, or of a face that had been "enhanced" with spots, that may come as no surprise. But a crowded railway carriage was more distinguishing than an empty one, and a louse more disgusting than a wasp.

　　These last results confirmed Dr Curtis's suspicion that disgust is not, as many disgust researchers believe, just a way of avoiding eating disease bearing materials. Rather, it extends to threats that might be contagious（传染性的）. Indeed, one result of the study was to show that the young are easier to disgust than the old. Another result was that women are more easily disgusted than men. Both of these make evolutionary sense. The young have more reproductive potential than the old, so should be more careful about what they touch and eat. And women are usually burdened with bringing up the children, so have to be disgusted on their offspring's behalf, as well as their own.

　　The results of the toothbrush study made similar sense. Strangers are more likely to carry new bacteria than acquaintances. Hence, of the available choices of toothbrush partner, a postman came off worst, and a lover best. A brush notionally belonging to a weatherman was, however, preferred to the boss's. Clearly the British feel more intimacy with the former than the later. Perhaps it might have been instructive to include a famous television personality among the choices?

　　52. In the first paragraph television is mentioned to    .

　　A) prove that what some intellectuals had claimed is wrong

　　B) show that TV is an essential part of British people's daily life

　　C) demonstrate that mass media is a very profitable industry

　　D) introduce the media through which the survey was advertised

　　53. The experiment is chiefly done by    .

　　A) watching the TV program called "Human Instincts" and filling out feedback forms

　　B) visiting different websites and making matches between pictures and numbers

　　C) rating various photos with numbers and selecting from a choice list

　　D) filling in biographical details and choosing a toothbrush

　　54. Which of the following is true about the result of the experiment?

　　A) A spotted face is more disgusting than a picture of bodily fluids.

　　B) A full packed subway is more disgusting than a louse.

　　C) A bleeding face is the most disgusting one.

　　D) A wasp makes people feel better than a louse.

　　55. The results of the experiment make evolutionary sense in that     .

　　A) old people are less likely to produce goods for the society than the young

　　B) people's emotion of disgust is often related to the safety of their children

　　C) women are more likely to bring up children independent of men's help

　　D) old people are more likely to be disgusted than women

　　56. The results of the toothbrush experiment show that      .

　　A) a boss is normally less clean and healthy than a weatherman

　　B) a postman is often dirtier than a lover

　　C) a public figure is often more popular than a boss in Britain

　　D) a famous television personality is the best toothbrush partner
Passage Two

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　When it comes to health, the poor are doubly cursed. Not only are they more prone to deadly infectious diseases than the rich, but they have far less access to the means of improvement. Twenty years ago, Paul Farmer, an American doctor and anthropologist（人类学者）, set out to do something about this. Amid the political turmoil（混乱）and poverty of rural Haiti, he created a community based health care system called Zanmi Lasante, or Partners in Health. It not only delivers appropriate, affordable medical treatment to thousands of poor people, but goes beyond the clinic to address the social causes making them sick and keeping them from getting better.

　　As Dr. Farmer argues, improving the health of the poor is not just a medical challenge, but a question of human rights. Tackling the inequality, racism, sexism and other forms of "structural violence" which oppress the poor is as critical as extending the drugs. Or as his Haiti patients put it, medicine without food is like washing one's hands and drying them in the dirt.

　　Unfortunately, Dr. Farmer's powerful message is often weakened by his book's academic tone. It does, however, scream out in passages describing the human face of "structural violence". It is these personal stories that make Dr. Farmer's anger at such "stupid deaths" so compelling.

　　The good doctor's motives and methods are better described in Mountains Beyond Mountains. This biography by Tracy Kidder traces Dr. Farmer from his unconventional upbringing and unusual education, shuttling (来回穿梭于) between the shacks of central Haiti and the halls of Harvard Medical School, to his later work around the world. Though well written, Mr. Kidder's book also makes for uncomfortable reading. The author is clearly close to his subject, having traveled with Dr. Farmer from the green poverty of Haiti to the tubercular whiteness of Russia. Too close, perhaps. The biographer seems to be seeking his subject's approval, rather than the other way round. Mr. Kidder writes, rather disturbingly, about his fear of disappointing Dr. Farmer, his own pain at wounding him with a critical remark and his relief at the doctor's forgiveness.

　　When Mr. Kidder's health falls, this dependence becomes all the more intense. But rather than compromise the book's equity（公正）, this intimacy serves to highlight Dr. Farmer's admirable, yet ultimately irritating, character. As Mr. Kidder observes, "Farmer wasn't put on earth to make anyone feel comfortable, except those lucky enough to be his patients or those unlucky enough to need him."

　　57. What makes the "Partners in Health" system unique compared with traditional hospitals?

　　A) It makes attempts to help the poor on a social level.

　　B) It is aimed at treating poor people for free.

　　C) It is designed to help the poor rise from poverty.

　　D) It offers community help to those who are poor.

　　58. What can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph?

　　A) Hands should not be dried in the dirt after washing.

　　B) Medicine is also needed for cleaning hands.

　　C) Medicine is not a long term cure to their poor health.

　　D) Food can cure their disease better than any medicine.

　　59. The disadvantage of Dr. Farmer's book seems to be that.

　　A) the plots in the book are not attractive enough

　　B) the way he tells the stories is not compelling enough

　　C) the anger he expresses at "stupid deaths" is too strong

　　D) the tone is not strong enough to arouse people's attention

　　60. Mr. Kidder's book also makes for uncomfortable reading because    .

　　A) Mr. Kidder himself has never been involved in Dr. Farmer's life

　　B) Mr. Kidder is afraid of making true comments on Dr. Farmer

　　C) Mr. Kidder's emotions prevent him from independent writing

　　D) Mr. Kidder is always waiting for Dr. Farmer's forgiveness

　　61. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that    .

　　A) Dr. Farmer only helped those who are lucky enough

　　B) Dr. Farmer may have severely criticized the society

　　C) Dr. Farmer was not actually making his patients comfortable

　　D) Dr. Farmer's job is not to make people comfortable

　　Part Ⅴ                        Cloze                     (15 minutes)

　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and marriage are still with us and still closely interrelated. Most American marriages, 62 first marriages uniting young people, are the result of mutual attraction and affection 63 than practical considerations.

　　In the United States, parents do not 64     marriages for their children. Teenagers begin 65   in high school and usually find mates through their own academic and social 66 .

　　Though young people feel free to choose their friends from  67  groups, most choose a mate of similar 68 . This is due in part to parental guidance.

　　Parents can not  69   spouses (配偶) for their children, but they can usually 70  choices by voicing disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable.  71 , marriages between members of different groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are  72 , probably because of the greater mobility of today's youth and the fact that they are  73  by fewer prejudices than their parents. Many young people leave their hometowns to attend college, serve in the armed forces, 74  pursue a career in a bigger city. Once away from home and family, they are more 75  to date and marry outside their own social group. In mobile American society, interclass marriages are neither 76 nor astonishing. Interfaith marriages are 77  the rise, especially between Protestants (基督教徒) and Catholics (天主教徒) . On the other hand, interracial marriages are still very 78  . It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and 79 a family. Marriages between people of different national 80  (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace here 81  colonial times.

　　62. A) specially     B) naturally　C) particularly   D) fortunately

　　63. A) more        B) rather　C) less         D) better

　　64. A) arrange      B) engage　C) manage      D)propose

　　65. A) appointing    B) dating　C) marrying     D)playing

　　66. A) positions     B) associations　C) contracts     D) contacts

　　67. A) separate      B) identical　C) independent   D) different

　　68. A) background   B) situation　C) circumstance  D) condition

　　69. A) object        B)reject　C) select        D) approve

　　70. A) influence     B) make　C) afford        D) provide

　　71. A) Therefore     B)However　C) Moreover     D)Likewise

　　72. A) declining     B) prohibiting　C) increasing     D)reducing

　　73. A) respected      B)retained　C) reserved       D) restricted

　　74. A) but           B) or　C) so            D) unless

　　75. A) likely          B) possible　C) reluctant       D) eager

　　76. A) scarce         B) risky　C) rare           D) rigid

　　77. A) in             B) at　C) for            D) on

　　78. A) normal         B) uncommon　C) ordinary        D) usual

　　79. A) rai, , se           B) settle　C) grow           D) unite

　　80. A) source          B) convention　C) origin          D) immigrant

　　81. A) since           B) with　C) by             D) during

　　Part Ⅵ                            Translation                        (5 minutes)

　　Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2

　　82. If she had not become a Japanese citizen,                            (冠军属于)China.

　　83. Many overweight people can bring down their blood pressure just by                 (减轻体重)10 to 20 pounds.

　　84. By the end of the 15th century what had developed into being was a modified,          (大大地丰富了的英语).

　　85. Young as he is, the child has developed the ability to look at things                  (从成人的角度).

　　86. The history professor has spent most of his time in icy Alaska, where the Eskimos still                              (坚持传统习俗).
       参考答案
      Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

　　本文主要介绍了飞机的相关知识，包括飞机内部的一些重要仪器及它们的功能，飞机的制造和发展，指出了现代飞机与早期飞机的不同之处及相关问题；介绍了飞机场的规模和功用，飞机跑道、机场控制塔、机场大楼等的工作原理及作用等。

　　1. N)［精析］本文介绍了飞机、飞机场等有关设施的特点，并没有介绍飞机的发展史。

　　2. NG）［定位］由题干关键词an automatic pilot定位到第1个标题下的第二段第一句话。

　　［精析］原文指出自动驾驶仪无需驾驶员按任何按钮便可驾驶飞机，甚至可以自动起飞和降落。但并未提及它驾驶飞机比驾驶员强。

　　3. Y）［定位］由题干关键词the radio equipment定位到第1个小标题下第二段末句，"The radio equipment allows...to receive navigation signals."

　　［精析］该句意为"无线设备使驾驶员能够与地面控制人员谈话，接收导航信号"，是题干的同义转述。

　　4. Y）［定位］由题干关键词solid定位到第2个标题下首段首句Early airplanes were made of wood frames covered by fabric and held in shape by wire.

　　［精析］该句意为"早期的飞机是由铁丝固定，织物包裹的木结构制成的"，这显然不如现代飞机坚固。

　　5. N）［定位］由题干关键词Grapevine和Texas定位到第3个小标题下第三段首句One of the largest...of Dallas and Fort Worth.

　　［精析］由该句可知Grapevine，Texas是世界最大的机场之一的所在地。而世界上最繁忙的机场是位于本段倒数第二句的"O'Hare International Airport, in Chicago"。

　　6. Y）［定位］由题干关键词runways定位到第四个小标题下第三段首句。

　　［精析］第三段首句提到Heavily loaded passenger jets need long runways to gather enough speed to leave the ground，可知跑道必须足够长。另外首段也提到现代飞机越来越重，也要求跑道足够坚固。

　　7. N）［定位］由题干关键词Precision Approach Radar (PAR)定位到第5个小标题下第二段。

　　［精析］由该段可知Precision Approach Radar (PAR)是用于引导向机场靠近的飞机的系统，而用于引导远离机场的飞机的系统是Ground Control Approach (GCA)。

　　8. electronic "microwave" landing systems (MLS)

　　［定位］由题干关键词control towers定位到第5个小标题末段末句。

　　［精析］末段末句提到"电子微波着陆系统可以使飞机自动着陆"，由此可知答案。

　　9. customs and passport control

　　［定位］由题意可定位到最后一个小标题下首段第六句。

　　［精析］从定位句可知从外国过来的乘客需要通过海关和护照检测。

　　10. a special signal

　　［定位］由题干关键词detector定位到全文末段倒数第三句。

　　［精析］从定位句可知如果有人携带金属物品，检测器就会发出特殊信号。

　　Part ⅢListening Comprehension

　　Section A

　　11. M: Gordon needs to find another place to live. The apartment he rents now has been sold to a new owner.

　　W: He'd better start looking right away. When all the students come back in a few weeks, he won't find any near the campus.

　　Q: What does the woman suggest Gordon do?

　　A）。从选项可以猜测本题是对行为的考查，考查某人应该做某事，因此听录音时要侧重建议性的句型信息。男士说Gordon needs to find another place to live,可知此人想找房子，接着女士说He'd better start looking right away。had better do sth.是建议句型的提示信息，后面的内容即是答案所在。

　　12. W: Judy earned a lot of money over the summer as an advisor for that agency.

　　M: I don't doubt it. What surprises me is that she is still working there, now that classes have started again.

　　Q: What does the man say about Judy?

　　B)。由选项预测本题考查男士的观点，听录音时应着重理解男士的话。从女士话中的earn money，over the summer可知对话涉及学校兼职工作，男士的回答中出现了What surprises me is that...，这是明显的提示信息，其后即是答案所在。

　　13. M: There is an article here in this magazine that might interest you. It's about buying running shoes.

　　W: If it's not chemistry and it's not on the final exam, I can read it now.

　　Q: What is the woman probably doing now?

　　B）。由选项预测本题考查正在发生的动作。对话中男士在向女士推荐一篇文章，解题关键在于理解女士答话中的if条件句，"如果不是因为化学和期末考试，我现在就能读了"。那么真实情况也就是"我在准备考试，没时间读文章"。

　　14. W: Please turn down the television. I can't hear anything my friend is saying on the phone.

　　M: Hurry up and finish your call. I don't like standing so close. The light hurts my eyes.

　　Q: Why is the woman upset?

　　C）。由选项预测本题是对原因提问，并且是针对女士，听录音时应着重体会因果关系。对话中女士要求关闭电视，并直接说明了理由，can't hear anything on the phone，与C)相符。至于男士的要求及其理由是本题的干扰项，注意辨别。

　　15. W: I was quite surprised when I heard William play the violin. From the way he talked I thought he was just starting his lessons.

　　M: Oh, that's the way he always talks.

　　Q: What do we learn about William from this conversation?

　　C）。由选项预测本题是对William的行为进行判断。听力考试中考生不仅要辨别细节和事实，还要具备根据内涵、语气等进行推断的能力。本题女士话中的surprised暗示William的violin表现出人意料，但从From the way...his lessons可推出他说话谦虚，让女士原以为他刚开始学习violin。

　　16. W: It's really a big problem to teach our children how to behave. When I get angry, I say things I don't mean.

　　M: If you want your kids to be polite, you'll have to be polite to them.

　　Q: What conclusion can be drawn from this conversation?

　　A）。由选项预测本题是对孩子的行为进行判断。从女士话中的children，teach，behave可知对话是在讨论孩子教育问题。本题关键在于理解男士的回答，"如果你希望孩子们有礼貌，你就必须对他们有礼貌"，强调父母的榜样力量，由此可归纳出Children learn by example的结论。

　　17. M: Good morning, I'd like to speak to Mr. Jones, please. This is Tim Kunts at the Oak Street computer center.

　　W: Mr. Kunts, my husband isn't at home. I can give you his business phone if you'd like to call him at work, though.

　　Q: Where is Mr. Kunts now?

　　C）。由选项预测本题是对地点提问，听录音时应着重听表示地点的词。从男士话中I'd like to speak to...可知他在打电话找Mr. Jones，而接电话的是女士，从她答话中的not at home，business phone以及call him at work可以推断出答案是at company。

　　18. W: I have eaten in so many restaurants during the past week that the thought of eating out again makes me sick.

　　M: I feel the same way, but there is no way to get out of this dinner , appointment.

　　Q: What does the man mean?

　　D）。由选项预测本题考查男士在restaurant或eat out上的观点或行为。从女士话中的so many restaurants以及make me sick可知女士反感eat out，男士则回应feel the same way表明他同意女士的观点。故答案为D)。A)为干扰项，男士答话中的no way...appointment 表示他们无法拒绝。

　　Now you'll hear two long conversations.

　　Conversation One

　　M: ...And where do you recommend I shall stay?（19） What's the Holiday Inn like?

　　W: It's nice there. It's in the city centre and has all the usual business facilities you'll need. The service is first class.

　　M: Oh, good. So I'll get a room there. Now, what's the best way to get into the hotel from the airport? Should I take a taxi?

　　W: Well, (20)you can, but you don't have to. The subway system is very convenient.

,

　　M: Mmm..., Can you tell me something about the business hours? I mean, what time are the banks open?

　　W: The banks? They open at half past eight and close at four thirty.

　　M: I see. And are they open on Saturday too?

　　W: I'm afraid not. And I'd better warn you, the shops close early on Saturday. During the week they're open until half past six, but on Saturdays they close at four.

　　M: At four! Right. Now, what's the weather like at this time of y, ear?

　　W: Well, it's (21)usually warm. But sometimes it turns very cold and wet. So don't forget to take what you may need with you. By the way, when are you going on this trip?

　　M: Oh, (22)not until the middle of the month. The fifteenth, I think. Anything else you want to advise me?

　　W: No, nothing I can see. It's a nice country, peaceful and calm, and people are friendly. I'm sure you'll enjoy your stay there.

　　19. What are the two speakers talking about?

　　A）。由选项预测本题是主旨题。对话谈到了住处Holiday Inn(假日酒店)，交通工具taxi和subway，bank和shop的营业时间以及weather，可见是在安排旅行。

　　20. Why is it not necessary for the man to take a taxi to the hotel?

　　C）。由选项可知本题是对原因提问，男士的问句Should I take a taxi?是本题的提示信号，下面女士的回答：you can, but you don't have to否定了对方的想法，并直接说明了原因The subway system is very convenient，故答案为C)。
21. What's the weather like at this season?

　　A）。由选项可知本题是对天气提问。What's the weather like?是本题的提示信息，下面听到的usually warm，but sometimes it turns very cold and wet 即为本题答案。

　　22. When will the man go on the trip?

　　C）。由选项预测本题是对时间提问，听录音时要注意表示时间的词。本题也有提示问句：When are you going on this trip? 其后的回答：not until the middle of the month. The fifteenth, I think.锁定了答案为C)。

　　Conversation Two

　　W: Bill, is that really you? I haven't seen you for months.

　　M: Hello, Christina. Yes, it has been a long time. Good to see you. How have you been?

　　W: I've been okay. I've just been so busy with school. We really should get together and catch up. How about joining me for dinner tonight?

　　M: (23) I'd love to, but I'm taking off for Miami at 8:00 tonight if everything goes well. I'm going home because my brother is getting married on Saturday morning.

　　W: That's great. Congratulations! I hope that you have a nice time at home. You'll just have to take a rain check on that dinner invitation.

　　M: Well, what are you doing now? Maybe we can go to the coffee shop and chat for a while. There is an attractive, little place I know of down the street.

　　W: (24) I really wish I could, but I'm on my way to the tennis courts.

　　M: Tennis courts? I didn't know you could play tennis.

　　W: It sounds like that, but actually I can't. (24) I'm taking lessons so I can learn. My roommate is on the tennis team and she's gotten me interested in the sport. Do you know how to play?

　　M: A little, but I haven't played for years. I really like the game, though. (25) When I come back from my trip, I think I'll join you in taking lessons.

　　W: It's a deal. Just give me a call when you get back.

　　M: You got it.

　　23. What will the man do tonight?

　　A）。由选项可知本题是对男士将要发生的动作进行判断。寒暄后，女士提出dinner tonight，男士回答I'd love to，but...委婉拒绝了邀请。But提示后面为原因，I'm taking off for Miami，后又补充说是going home，故答案为A)。其后的rain check是"延期"的意思。

　　24. Why can't the woman join the man for coffee?

　　C）。由选项预测本题是对原因提问。由上题可知男士无法与女士共进晚餐，因而提出了go to the coffee shop and chat for a while的建议，女士回答：I really wish I could, but...同样委婉拒绝了邀请，并提示后面的原因，即I'm on my way to the tennis courts. I'm taking lessons.与C) 相符。

　　25. Which of the following did the man agree to do?

　　D）。由选项可知本题同样是对男士的行为进行判断。抓住关键句I'll join you in taking lessons.即可推断出答案为D)。

　　Section B

　　Passage One

　　If you're confused about how much water you really need, I'm not surprised. (26)Conflicting advice in recent headlines appears against the old "8 a day" advice we all grew up with. Is it necessary to swallow down eight glasses of water daily, or is this recommendation exaggerated and out of date? We've heard for years that eight glasses of water daily is the minimum necessary to keep healthy. Your weight loss and health depend on it. Drink the minimum and see clearer skin, better sleep, and improved vision. We're warned of the danger of water shortage in our body without at least eight glasses. But, (27)the tide has turned away from liquid requirement toward examining your daily diet, including what you eat, as well as what you drink. The answer is - you need what you need! If it's summer, you need more. If you're exercising, you need more. If you're a "normal person who sits a lot, who is not sweating, and not exercising more than 15-20 minutes daily, Dr. Heinz Valtin of Dartmouth Medical School says you need no more than four glasses of water daily. Most drinks can be counted as part of your daily fluid consumption. Although the World Health Organization recommends that everyone drink a minimum of two liters of water daily, or about eight cups, (28)the old "8 a day" rule is based on studies performed on people under extraordinary circumstances, including soldiers at high altitude and hospitalized patients. What you and I need is different.

　　26. What is the traditional opinion concerning water drinking?

　　C）。预读选项可知，本题与饮水习惯有关。考题考查的是traditional opinion。遵循短文听力听首尾句的原则，在文章第一句提出问题后，第二句接着就说到Conflicting advice in recent headlines appears against the old "8 a day" advice we all grew up with，符合题目中traditional opinion的要求，C)为答案。

　　27. According to the passage, what is the more proper way of drinking water?

　　B）。分析选项可知，本题与饮水的根据有关。文章开始先分析了传统的每天8杯水的观点，接着用一个but进行转折，提出新的观点。由于在短文理解中but、however、only、just等后面往往是出考题之处，可知本题的考点即在此处:"But, the tide has turned away...the answer is - you need what you need!"。

　　28. Why does the author believe that the "8?a?day" rule doesn't apply to all people?

　　C）。本题的考点在文章结尾，分析选项可知，本题考查制定"8?a?day" rule的原因。本题中需要注意的是although引导的让步状语从句，事实上，主句前隐含了转折的意味，与but、however等一样，这是一个暗含的出题点。The old "8?a?day" rule is based on studies performed on people under extraordinary circumstances，遵循"听到即是解"的原则，C)为答案。

　　Passage Two

　　Weddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings; there are weddings on mountain tops with guests barefooted; and there have been weddings underwater on the ocean floor. But (29)many weddings, no matter where they are performed, include certain traditional customs. Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes the most exciting moment. The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The guests enter the church first while the wedding music is played. The bride carrying flowers enters last with her father who will "give her away". The bridegroom enters the church from a side door. (30)Then the couple will exchange their solemn promises to each other. It is traditional to use the words "To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to care, till death do us part". Following this, the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom. After the ceremony there is often a party, called a "reception" which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newly?wedded couple. After all the procedures, (31)the couple runs to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. And then the couple just go on their honeymoon.

　　29. What is in common for those weddings held in different locations?

　　A）。通过预读选项可知，本题与婚礼习俗有关。文章一开头就列举了各种不同的婚礼方式，然后用but进行转折，many weddings, no matter where they are performed, include certain traditional customs，but后面的内容即是本题的答案。本题中的B)具有干扰性，主要考查考生对读音相近的两个单词customs和costumes的辨析。

　　30. What will the new couple do after all the guests enter the church?

　　C）。分析选项可知，本题与婚礼的一个环节有关，因此听录音时一定要对婚礼进行的过程仔细辨听，最好做些记录。听音后可知，婚礼仪式的程序是：宾客入场、新娘入场、新郎入场、交换誓言、交换戒指和举行宴会。其中Then the couple will exchange their solemn promises to each other是本题的考查内容。

　　31. What is the custom before the couple goes on a honeymoon?

　　D）。预读选项可知，本题与婚礼结束后的习俗有关。考点在文章的结尾：the couple run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. And then the couple just go on their honeymoon.

　　Passage Three

　　The computer virus is an outcome of the computer overgrowth in the 1980s. (32)The cause of the term "computer virus" is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers. The origin of this term came from an American science fiction "The Adolescence of P-1" written by Thomas J. Ryan, published in 1977. Human viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses. However, (33)computer viruses are small programs. They expand by attaching a copy of themselves to another program. Once attached to the host program, the viruses then look for other programs to  "infect". In this way, the virus can spread quickly throughout a hard disk or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multiuser system. The timing of the attack can be linked to a number of situations, including a certain time or date, the presence of a particular file, the security level of the user, and the number of times a file is used. Likewise, the mode of attack varies. (34)So called "benign" or the harmless viruses might simply display a message, like the one that infected IBM's main computer system last Christmas with a season's greeting. (35)Malignant or the harmful viruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wipe out data, to delete files, or to format the hard disk.

　　32. How did the name of "computer virus" come into being?

　　A）。通过预读选项可知，本题与电脑病毒有关。应遵循短文听力听首尾的原则，文章一开始就明确了说明对象是computer virus。本题考查该名称的由来，但文中是以原因的形式出现的：The cause of the term "computer virus" is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers，A)的说法正是该定义的简短描述。其中，resemble是"...与...相似的"意思，而文中的说法是the likeness between...and...，二者是一致的。

　　33. What is the way that the computer viruses infect the computer systems?

　　B）。分析选项可知，本题考查电脑病毒的工作方式。由于其特殊性，可遵循"听到即是解"的原则解题。文章先介绍了人类病毒的工作方式，然后用一个however引出了本题的答案：computer viruses are small programs. They expand by attaching a copy of themselves to another program。

　　34. What is a "benign" virus?

　　D）。预读选项可知，本题与一种电脑病毒有关。题目中的benign是关键词，由此可以很容易定位到：So called "benign" or the harmless viruses might simply display a message...，可见本题的答案是以同位语的形式出现的，所谓"良性"病毒就是D)所说的不会造成危害的病毒。

　　35. What can a "malignant" virus do to your computer?

　　B）。预读选项可知，本题仍然与一种电脑病毒有关。由于上一道题目考查了"良性"病毒，根据常识可以推断本题定然会考查与之相对应的"恶性"病毒的危害。听录音时的关键词是malignant，由此可以很容易定位到：Malignant or the harmful viruses are designed to damage the system，这正是B)的同义表达。

　　Section C

　　36. outline

　　［点拨］空格前是and，and前后成分相同，所以空格处为动词原形。根据句意推测：宇宙未来可以预测，但这并不意味着单单坐着就肯定能够概括宇宙未来的发展过程。

　　37. certainty

　　［点拨］空格前是anything like，后面应该为名词。由36题的分析，可以推出这里表示"一定，肯定"的意思。

　　38. exactly

　　［点拨］空格前是动词know，后面是宾语，可见中间缺一副词来修饰know。根据前后文可以推测：我们不清楚宇宙的构成，但却十分清楚我们的知识领域缺乏什么信息。

　　39. idea

　　［点拨］空格前是a good，可见空格处为名词。根据38题分析，接下来的句意应该是：我们也清楚地知道如何得到这些信息。

　　40. imagine

　　［点拨］空格前是不定式to，可见空格处为动词原形。根据句意推测：我们考虑目前形势的最佳方式就是假想一辆进站的火车。
41. determined

　　［点拨］空格前是is completely，可知空格处为动词的过去分词。根据句意，火车进站前所有的开关都设定好了，我们可以推测：它前进的路就完全确定了。

　　42. possible

　　［点拨］空格前是some，后为futures，可以确定空格处是一形容词。前后句连起来的意思为：如果能看清开关的设置，就可以肯定有些未来是不能实现的，而其余的能够实现。

　　43. switches

　　［点拨］空格前是the unseen，可见空格为名词。前面的句子交代了有些开关是可见的，有些是不可见的，所以这里应该是不可见的开关switches。

　　44. We know the train will take one of the tracks leading out, but we have no idea which one

　　［听音关键词］know，train，take tracks，no idea，which one

　　45. When we think about the future of the universe, we can see our "track" many billions of years into the future

　　［听音关键词］think about，future of universe，see track，billions

　　46. The goal of science is to reduce the vagueness at the decision points and find the true road that will be followed

　　［听音关键词］goal of science，reduce vagueness，find true road

　　Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

　　Section A

　　随着全球能源紧张和环境污染日益严重，绿色建筑逐渐成为全世界共同关注的话题。其特点为减少能源和资源消耗，并尽可能采用新技术和新材料。

　　47. nearly 50%

　　［定位］根据题干中的Swiss Re Tower可以定位到第一段第二句：Thanks to its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less energy than a comparable conventional office building.

　　［精解］题目问的是得益于其精良的设计、先进的技术，Swiss Re Tower比传统办公大楼能节省多少能源。该句意为"由于其设计精良，技术先进，Swiss Re Tower有望比传统建筑节能近50％"。题干中的owing to与原文中thanks to的同义，traditional与conventional同义。by在此句中为介词，表程度相差多少的意思，后面应接数字。故答案为nearly 50%。

　　48. the energy crisis of the 1970s

　　［定位］根据题干中的green architecture可以定位到第二段Green architecture, ...has its origins in the energy crisis of the 1970s....

　　［精解］由该段可知：绿色建筑的来源要追溯到20世纪70年代的能源危机。题目中的could date back to是对has its origins in the energy crisis of the 1970s的同义转述，故答案为the energy crisis of the 1970s。

　　49. widely taken into consideration in the developed world