2011年6月文都四级全真预测：仔细阅读

　　Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always the 47 of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many 48 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered 49 . There shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to 50 place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were 51 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers 52 . And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 53 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. Attracted by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 54 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 55 of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 56 of the stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.

　　[A]designed[F]convenience[K]cosmetics

　　[B]take[G]services[L]started

　　[C]heart[H]fame[M]downtown

　　[D]needed[I]various[N]available

　　[E]though[J]popularity[O]cheapness

　　Section B

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.

　　The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture―one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.

　　The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.

　　Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.

　　57.According to the passage, which of the following is true?

　　[A]All international managers can learn culture.

　　[B]Business diversity is not necessary.

　　[C]Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.

　　[D]Most people do not know foreign culture well.

　　58.According to the author, the model of Pepsi.

　　[A]is in line with the theories that the business is business the world around

　　[B]is different from the model of McDonald’s

　　[C]shows the reverse of globalization

　　[D]has converged cultural differences

　　59.The two schools of thought.

　　[A]both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures

　　[B]both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries

　　[C]admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world

　　[D]both A and B

　　60.This article is supposed to be most useful for those.

　　[A]who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity

　　[B]who have connections to more than one type of culture

　　[C]who want to travel abroad

　　[D]who want to run business on International Scale

　　61.According to Fortune, successful international companies.

　　[A]earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas

　　[B]all have the quality of patience

　　[C]will follow the overseas local cultures

　　[D]adopt the policy of internationalization

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

　　There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, and gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.

　　By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.

　　On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close-ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.

　　Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or brings the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”

　　The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chorus and responses.

　　62.The passage is mainly concerned with .

　　[A]the different tastes of people for sports

　　[B]the different characteristics of sports

　　[C]the attraction of football

　　[D]the attraction of baseball

　　63.Those who don’t like baseball may complain that .

　　[A]it is only to the taste of the old

　　[B]it involves fewer players than football

　　[C]it is not exciting enough

　　[D]it is pretentious and looks funny

　　64.The author admits that .

　　[A]baseball is too peaceful for the young

　　[B]baseball may seem boring when watched on TV

　　[C]football is more attracting than baseball

　　[D]baseball is more interesting than football

　　65.By stating “I could have had my eyes closed.” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence) .

　　[A]the third baseman would rather sleep than play the game

　　[B]even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no difference to the result

　　[C]the third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well

　　[D]the consequence was so bad that he could not bear to see it

　　66.We can safely conclude that the author .

　　[A]likes football[B]hates football

　　[C]hates baseball[D]likes baseball

　　Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)

　　Section A

　　【全文翻译】

　　在20世纪最后四分之一期间，美国的购物习惯发生了重大变化。20世纪初期，美国大部分的城市和城镇都有一个往往作为城镇中心的主要街道。街道两旁排列着许多各种各样的商店。在这里，顾客们步入商店，搜寻各种各样的商品：衣服、家具、五金和杂货。另外，有些商店还提供服务。这里的商店有药店、餐馆、修鞋店和理发店。但是，二十世纪五十年代开始出现了一种变化：主街道涌入了太多的汽车，却没有顾客停车的地方。由于街道变得拥挤不堪，商人们便开始格外注意城市界限之外的开阔地。开阔地是驾车的顾客所需要的，也是商人们建设首个购物中心时所考虑的。购物中心，或者说是购物商场，开始在拥挤的城市中心之外建起许多小型的新商店。受许多免费停车场的吸引，顾客们被从市区吸引到郊区的购物商场。购物中心变得越来越流行，转而建立起更大更好的商店。二十世纪七十年代后期，许多购物中心几乎发展成了小城市。除了提供停车购物的便利之外，购物中心也变成了景观公园，拥有坐椅、喷泉和户外娱乐设施。

　　【答案解析】

　　47.【解析】[C]本句意为主大街通常是一个城镇的中心。根据下文停车困难也可知应该为“中心”heart。

　　48.【解析】[I]这条街道排成一列，街道两边都是各式各样的商店。various 意为“不同的、各种各样的”。

　　49.【解析】[G]另外，一些商店还提供服务。提供服务可用固定的搭配 offer services。

　　50.【解析】[B]所填词只有take 才能与后面的词place搭配，take place 为固定词组，意为“发生”。But in the 1950s, a change began to take place 意为20世纪50年代开始发生变化。

　　51.【解析】[N]主街道充斥着太多的汽车，却没有地方给顾客停车。available 意为“可用到的、可利用的”，这里指没有可用的地方给顾客停车。

　　52?【解析】[D]本句意为空旷的空间是开车的顾客所需要的，故用needed。

　　53.【解析】[L]Shopping centers, or rather malls, started as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. 远离拥挤的城市中心很多小型的新商场聚集在一起构成了大规模购物中心。start 在此处是开业的意思。

　　54.【解析】[M]customers were drawn away from downtown areas to outlying malls.顾客们被从市中心区吸引到郊区的购物商场。市中心区即用downtown 一词。

　　55.【解析】[J]购物中心越来越流行，popularity即普及、流行之意。

　　56.【解析】[F]购物中心除了提供停车的便利之外，还提供其他服务。提供便利即用 provide convenience。

　　Section B

　　Passage One

　　【全文翻译】

　　文化是国际商业中最具是挑战性的因素之一。作为一种体系，文化具有既定社会成员习得性行为模式的特点，不断受到一些动态变量的塑造，如：语言、宗教信仰、价值观、态度、行为方式和风俗习惯、美学、科技、教育和社会制度。为了应对这一体系，一个国际经理需要了解文化知识并对此作出诠释。在某种程度上，文化知识可以通过学习获得，但对文化的诠释只能通过实践获得。

　　应对文化环境最复杂的问题源于这样一个事实：人生在文化中但却不能学习文化。关于如何应对文化的多样性，商界中存在两种观点。一种认为，商业是世界性的，遵循百事(Pepsi)和麦当劳(McDonald)的模式。在某些情况下，全球化就是生活;但是，文化差异仍然难以趋同。

　　另外一种观点认为，企业必须调整其策略以适应特别的文化。在各个国家建立政策和程序就如同器官移植，关键的问题是以接受或排斥为中心。国际经理面临的主要挑战是要确认排斥不是由文化近视或者盲目所引起的。

　　财富(Fortune)对十二个海外收入占其总收入20%或更多的大公司的国际业绩进行了研究。成功的国际公司都有一个重要的特征：耐心。它们不是冒失地闯入而是遵循最基本的商业原则认真地营造自己的经营活动。这些原则就是了解对手、了解观众以及了解顾客。【答案解析】

　　57.【解析】[C]推断题。意为“在商业中怎样对待文化有着不同意见”。文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素,不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中，应该怎样对待不同的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。

　　58.【解析】[A]细节题。Pepsi采纳的是国际化的商业风格，这与那些主张国际化的派别的意见是相一致的。

　　59.【解析】[C]推断题。意为“承认商业世界中文化的多元性”。两个派别都承认商业世界中文化的多元性。他们的不同在于，如何对待不同的文化，应该搞国际化还是对不同的文化采取不同的策略。

　　60.【解析】[D]主旨题。由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态，而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。所以D是正确答案。

　　61.【解析】[B]细节题。意为“都具有耐心这一素质”。即他们并不急于对号入座而是依据最基本的商业原则谨慎地建立自己的运行模式。

　　Passage Two

　　【全文翻译】

　　有些意大利人不喜欢足球，也并不是所有的加拿大人都喜欢曲棍球。美国也存在类似的情况：一提起垒球，有些人就打哈欠甚至皱眉头，你可能就是其中之一。对他们来说，看垒球就意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着紧身而有趣的运动装的人呆立在球场上，东瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么(激动人心的)事发生――真是无聊极了。他们认为，垒球是适合19世纪的运动，慢慢腾腾、毫无活力而又从容和缓。你可能是他们中的一员，喜欢足球，因为它是一种崇尚“热门”的运动。相反，垒球看起来显得孤孤单单、冷冷清清、沉沉静静、慢慢腾腾。

　　在电视上，垒球运动被切换成不同角度的画面、不断地予以重放、特写。但是，垒球运动的立体感是理解它的核心。你可以把它想象成一位画家从某点开始创作他的作品;当然，你也可以让自己投身到运动中去。正是这种投身其中的感觉使得垒球成为值得参与的运动。电视体现不出这一点。

　　以三垒手为例。你坐在三垒后面的休息区，看着他望着本垒。他双腿分开，膝盖弯曲，手臂耷拉下来。他反复多次这样做。对垒球持怀疑论态度者仍难以想出其他任何运动是如此的沉静，如此的被动。但是，注意投手每次投球时发生的情况：三垒手踮起了脚趾，弯曲着手臂或将手套举到面前的某个位置，向左或向右、向前或向后迈出一步，可能他还会朝球场扫上一眼，查看一垒手的位置。想象投出了一球。“什么也没有发生，”你说，“我本来可以闭上眼睛”。

　　怀疑垒球运动者和新手必须要亲自参与这项运动。在看台上看垒球就像听音乐一样明智。注意观察三垒手。用一只脚抹平你面前的土堆，平整好手套上的口袋，注意击球手的眼睛、球棒的速度，聆听垒球击打在球棒上的声音。如果足球是剧场里的一曲运动交响乐，那么垒球就是一曲集声调、合唱和吟唱于一体的自由自在的室内乐。

　　【答案解析】

　　62.【解析】[D]主旨题。文章第一段简述了人们对垒球所持的偏见――认为它毫无活力、从容和缓，不像橄榄球那样高潮迭起、令人激动。文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了垒球的根本特征及欣赏角度，文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了垒球的魅力：“如果橄榄球是一曲交响乐的话，那么，垒球中所表现出来的运动恰似一曲优美的室内乐。”可见，本文主要探讨的是垒球的特点及其欣赏。 A不对，第一段也确实提到了不同观众对不同运动形式的偏好，但这只是用以引出对垒球的特征及欣赏的讨论。

　　63.【解析】[C]细节题。文章第一段指出：许多人不喜欢垒球，一提起垒球这些人就打哈欠甚至皱眉头。对他们来说，看垒球意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着运动装(outfit)的人呆立在球场上，东瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么(激动人心的)事发生――没意思透了。他们认为这样的运动更适合上个世纪的人的口味，不像橄榄球那样充满活力。 A意为：“它只适合老年人的口味。”注意：原文说的是适合上个世纪的人的口味，二者意思不一样。 D意为：“它矫揉造作、滑稽可笑。”这与说它gentlemanly(具有绅士风度，矜持，即：没有冲撞或拼抢)不一样。

　　64.【解析】[B]推断题。第三段指出，在电视上，垒球运动被切换成不同角度的画面，而且不断地使用重放、特写等电视制作技术，这破坏了该运动的整体运动感，使观众无法将自己投入(project)到运动中去，以体会到这种寓动于静的运动之美。电视做不到这一点(The TV won’t do it for you)，因此，电视上的垒球比赛看上去(seems)孤孤单单、冷冷清清、沉沉静静、慢慢腾腾。C、D不对，作者仅指出了不同运动有不同运动的特征，并未说哪种运动优于哪种。参阅文章最后一句。

　　65.【解析】[B]推断题。第四段整个都在描述垒球场上的一个场景：拿三垒的运动员假设对方全投出好球，做好了一切准备，但是对方投出的并不是好球。所以在那时候他的准备做不做都不会影响比赛结果。他说本来可以闭上眼睛，意思就是B项所写的。A、C、D都不符合作者的意图。这道题需要完整地了解第四段内容才能做好选择。

　　66.【解析】[D]推断题。在本文中，作者主要探讨了垒球的特征及欣赏，作者着重指出的是：只有根据垒球的特征来欣赏它，才能体会到它的魅力。在他看来，观察到垒球比赛中运动员的各种动作、垒球位之间的关系等是欣赏它的关键(第三段第二句)。只有从整体来把握它，才能看到每一个小的动作、每一个眼神乃至于“静止”的意义，也只有这样，才能全身心地投入比赛中，欣赏到它的魅力。可见，作者对垒球有很深的理解而且非常喜爱垒球。主要参考第三、四、五段。