2011年12月大学英语四级语法精讲（2）
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非谓语动词三大类：分词、动名词、不定式
分词常考题型：做状语、做定语
分词作状语形式：主谓宾
不管谓语和宾语，只看主语能不能做这件事。
分词作状语题型，不定式不是答案。
永远不是答案的形式：having +v-ed, been+ v-ed, be+ v-ed
过去分词强调被动状态，现在分词强调主动进行。
例：_____, I am listening to the music.
A) Standing by Mr. LiuB) Stood by Mr.Liu
注：看主语能不能发出这个动作，还是动作的承受者来选择是-ing还是-ed
[P11-43] No matter how frequently ___, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A) performed B) performing C) to be performed D) being performed
注："空格+逗号+主谓宾"表示分词作状语。
现在分词的常见形式：
1. 一般式：v-ing 与谓语动词同步发生。
2. being+ v-ed 表示正在被做。
3. having +ed 表示动作发生谓语动词之前。(在四级考试中不是正确答案)
Having destroyed their house, they lived in a cave
[P29-22] ___ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed
注：分词作状语题型。
[P57-68] ___ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.
A) To look at B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked at
注：分词作状语题型，A和D选项首先排除，situation和look是被动关系，所以选C
[P57-69] A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough ______ .
A) nuisance B) trouble C) worry D) anxiety
注：nuisance 讨厌的人
单词记忆：
exhaust 使精疲力尽 sting 蜇，咬 bruise 瘀伤 black and blue 青一块，紫一块，遍体鳞伤的
brutal 残忍的 kagroo 袋鼠 cougar 美洲狮 ignore 忽视 ignorant 无知的
ignorance 无知 ambition 雄心，野心 sneer 轻视，蔑视
独立主格结构：
1、名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词
2、在句中作状语
3、分词的一种，也有分词的几种事时态
4、with/ without复合结构
P41-49] All things _________, the planned trip will have to be called off.
A) considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered
注：分词题型中 having +ed 都不要考虑
P6-58]The speaker, _________ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience .A) having known B) being known C) knowing D) known
注：having + v-ed做定语和状语都不会是答案
[P22-44]Homework _________ on time will lead to better grades.
A) done B) be done C) having done D) to have been done
[P22-45]The speech _________, a lively discussion started.
A) being delivered B) was delivered C) be delivered D) having been delivered
注：1. 考的是过去式独立主格结构。
2. 按时间顺序，先讲座后讨论，所以选D。
[P37-36]As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _____ 50 households or more.
A) having B) to have C) to have had D) having had
[P44-48]The speech which he made _____ the project has bothered me greatly.
A) being concerned B) concerned C) be concerned D) concerning
注：1. which he made定语从句本身不是划线的内容的话，可以将其去掉不考虑。
2. concerning 为介词，关于。相当于 about/ over（国外常用）； concerning/ as to（国内考试用）。
3. bother 打扰；brother 兄弟 fiend 魔鬼；friend 朋友
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