2012年商务英语初级考试复习要点二

　　Lesson 4 Economic Globalization

　　商务术语:

　　Shareholders(股东)， board of directors(董事会)， parent company(母公司)， affiliate(子公司)， day-to-day running(日常管理)， multinational corporation(跨国公司)， home country(母公司所在国)， host country(东道国)书籍63-64页

　　考点：

　　1. 经济全球化的基本特征和优劣势：

　　A. Basic feature：a. free flow of commodity，capital， technology，service and information

　　b. optimized allocation of resources(资源优化配置)

　　B. Advantages and negative impacts:

　　Advantages: a. new impetus and opportunities to world economic development

　　b. mutual benefits from economic booms

　　Negative impacts: a. make countries more vulnerable to the adverse events across the global

　　b. not balanced benefits

　　3. 跨国公司 (multinational corporations)

　　A. organization---parent and affiliates (组织----母公司与子公司)

　　B. features: a. enormous size b. wide geographical spread (广阔的地域分布)

　　c. needs ,goals and roles (需要, 目标和作用): profits, security

　　C. four types: a. multi-domestic corporation

　　b. global corporation

　　c. transnational corporation

　　d. world company

　　4. 翻译:

　　a. 经济全球化使得各国经济更容易受到全球各地不利事件的伤害。

　　Economic globalization is making the various economies more vulnerable to the adverse events across the globe.

　　b. 安全对任何一个跨国企业而言都极为重要,因为没有安全,跨国企业组织的生存便无法保证。

　　Security is extremely important to any MNE because without it, an MNE’s survival can never be assured.

　　Lesson 5-6 International Trade (1) (2)

　　商务术语:

　　services(劳务), primary commodities(初级产品), absolute advantage(绝对利益), comparative advantage(比较利益), quota(配额), customs union(关税同盟), ad valorem duty(从价税), specific duties(从量税), drawback(退税), MFN(最惠国待遇), non-tariff barrier(非关税壁垒).

　　考点:

　　1. 国际贸易的定义(definition):

　　It refers to the exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another

　　2. 国际贸易的两个缘由( Two reasons for international trade)

　　a. the uneven distribution of natural resources among countries

　　b. international specialization(国际专业化)

　　3. 国际专门化的两个理论(Two theories for international specialization)

　　a. The theory of absolute advantage(绝对利益理论):

　　a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land, and labour)

　　b. The theory of comparative advantage(相对对利益理论):

　　Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of producing both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.

　　4. 关税壁垒和非关税壁垒( tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers)

　　a. tariff barriers: export duty(进口税), import duty(出口税), ----specific duties 从量税

　　ad valorem duty. 从价税

　　Compound duty 混合税

　　b. non-tariff barriers: quotas----the most common form of non-tariff barriers

　　5. 翻译练习

　　a. 比较优势理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石

　　Comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade

　　b.关税壁垒是限制贸易最常见的形式

　　Tariff barriers are the most common forms of trade restriction.

　　Lesson 7 Incoterms 2000

　　商务术语：

　　EDI (电子数据交换)，customers clearance (结关)，dispatch (发运)，ICC(国际商会)

　　Roll-on-roll-off(滚装滚卸), incoterms (国际贸易通则)，FOB(起运港船上交货价)， CFR (成本加运费价)，CIF (成本加运费加保险费价)

　　考点:

　　1.《国际贸易术语解释通则》的必要性和目的 The necessity and purpose of having Incoterms

　　The purpose of INCOTERMS is to provide a set of international rules for the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade and avoid uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries.

　　3. 三个最常用术语 (The three most commonly used terms)

　　FOB: Free on Board 装运港船上交货

　　CFR: Cost and Freight 成本加运费

　　CIR: Cost, Insurance and Freight 成本,保险费,加运费

　　翻译练习:

　　a. 折扣是指卖方按照商品的原价给买方以一定比率的价格减让

　　Discount means that sellers offer to buyers a certain percentage of reduction on the original price.

　　b. 买卖双方在制定合同时,如果有理解一致的具体规则可供参照,他们就肯定能简单可靠地确定各自的责任

　　If, when drawing up their contract, buyer and seller have some commonly understood rules to specifically refer to, they can be sure of defining their respective responsibilities simply and safely.

     网校全新推出2012年商务英语考试无忧退费保过班，郑重承诺开课三日内无条件退费!

编辑推荐：

2012商务英语BEC中级写作复习资料汇总

2012年商务英语口语词汇辅导资料汇总

2012年商务英语口语词汇辅导资料汇总

2012年商务英语口语词汇辅导资料汇总