剑桥雅思官方指南TEST 4阅读长难句解析
来源: 环球网校 2016-08-26 09:33:37 频道: 雅思

雅思阅读考试中的长难句是很多考生在备考雅思的过程中遇到的一大难题,很多考生在长难句上浪费了大量的时间,从而影响了自己的答题速度。100留学老师根据剑桥雅思官方指南中的真题为大家整理出了这篇剑桥雅思官方指南TEST4阅读长难句解析,希望有考试计划的同学仔细阅读,一定会对接下来的雅思考试有所帮助:

 

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• Few doubted Shirase’s courage, but most reckoned the expedition to be ill-preparedas the Japanese had only lightweight sledges for transport across the ice, madeof bamboo and wood.

译文:没有记者怀疑Shirase的勇气,但是他们大多数都认为这次远征的装备太差了因为这些日本人只有轻便的用竹子和木头做的雪橇来作为交通工具穿越冰封大陆。

考点一:对于few的理解为否定的,几乎没有人。因此大家对于Shirase的勇气是肯定的态度。而用but引出后半句话是对他们的expedition的否定态度,考生可以通过but来判断这句话的大致意思是装备不好。

考点二:as在这里意为因为,相当于since,becauseMadeof bamboo and wood为分词作后置定语形容雪橇。

 

• Antarcticais only accessible by sea for a few weeks in summer and expeditions usuallyaimed to arrive in January or February. ‘Even with their determination anddaring, our Japanese friends are running it rather fine,’ wrote localreporters.

译文:只有在夏天的几个星期里才能通过海洋进入南极洲,一般来说远征队会把目标放在一月或两月到达。当地的记者写道:即使这些日本人拥有决心和勇气,他们也实在把这看得太容易了

考点一:ratherfine原义为算得太好了,例如you arecutting it rather fine意为你把时间掐的太好了。

考点二:accessible后一般介词为to,但此处,句子省略了accessible的对象。可以还原成Antarcticais only accessible to ships by sea

 

• Shirasestill felt the pull of the pole and eventually decided he would head southwardto experience the thrills and hardships of polar exploration he had alwaysdreamed of.

译文:Shirase仍然还受到南极的吸引力,并且最终决定他将要向南去感受极地探险的颤栗与艰难,这是他一直向往的。

考点一:fell thepull of意为感受到吸引力,此处Pull=attraction,是pull的常见用法。

考点二:thrillhardship为并列结构,thrill本义为震颤、发抖,此处意为因寒冷而发抖。考生可以根据平行结构判断thrillhardship一样是一个描述极地艰险的词,不理解其具体意思并不影响对整句话的理解。He hadalways dreamed of为定语从句修饰polarexploration,省略了that

 

• Theship reached Tokyo in June 1912 – and Shirase was greeted like a hero despitethe fact that he never reached the pole. Nor did he contribute much to science –but then nor did Amundsen, whose only interest was in being first to the pole.

译文:这艘船1912年六月抵达了东京,Shirase像英雄一般受到了接待,尽管他并没有到达南极。他也没有对科学做出多大贡献。但是兴趣只在第一个到达南极的Amundsen也没有做出多大贡献。

考点一:句中的nor都表示否定,与never对应。

考点二:第二个nor引导的句子中的did对应的动词为contribute,文章用whose引导的定语从句进一步说明了他的兴趣只在到达南极。

 

• Morethan a century of mechanization has already turned farming into anindustrial-scale activity in much of the world, with farms that grow cerealsbeing the most heavily automated.

译文:一百多年的机械化已经将世界很多地方的农业转型成了工业化规模的活动,出产谷物的农田自动化程度最高

考点一:with部分为独立主格结构,句子中growcereal为定语从句是对农田的的描述和限制

考点二:本句话的理解要点为抓住句子主干:mechanizationturned farming into activity,并用industrial-scale来具体描述是怎样的活动

 

• Withtheir enormous size and weight, today’s farm machines have significantdownside: they compact the soil, reducing porosity and killing beneficial life,meaning crops don’t grow so well.

译文:就其超大规模和重量而言,如今的农业器械有巨大的不利之处:它们会压紧泥土,从而减少了泥土间的空隙孔且杀死了有利的生物,这意味着作物不会很好的生长。

考点一:本句话的中心是农业器械有不足之处,冒号后的compactthe soil为其影响,reducingkilling引起的分句是对这种影响的解释,meaning为分词是对这一系列影响的解释。

考点二porosity本义为有孔性,此处指泥土本来有空隙被机器压过之后压缩了,而减少了泥土的透气性。

 

• SimonBlackmore, who researches agricultural technology at Harper Adams UniversityCollege in England believes that fleets of lightweight autonomous robots havethe potential to solve this problem and that replacing brute force withprecision is key.

译文:Simon Blackmore在英国HarperAdams大学学院研究农业科技,他认为轻便自动化机器人队伍有能力解决这个问题并且指出精准是取代原始强力的关键。

考点一:逗号之间为插入语,雅思阅读中出现这样描述研究者所在机构的插入语都可以省略不读,直接跳跃到句子主要动词believe后的中心观点

考点二:句子中两个thatSimonBlackmore的两个观点,第二个观点中的brute force指原来重型机器的强大力量。

 

• LewisHolloway, who studies agriculture at the University of Hull, UK, says thatrobotic milking is likely to influence the genetics of dairy herds as farmersopt for ‘robot-friendly’ cows, with udder shape, and even attitudes, suited toautomated milking.

译文:Lewis Holloway在英国Hull大学研究农业,他认为机器人挤奶有可能影响到奶牛的遗传,因为农民会选择适应机器人挤奶的牛,牛乳房的形状,甚至是态度,都要适应自动化挤奶

考点一:本句话中存在清晰的因果关系,as引导原因状语从句,意为农民对奶牛的选择会影响奶牛遗传的基因。

考点二:uddershape, attitude具体描述了robot-friendly的意思,最后的suited为分词作定语后置,形容cows

 

• Untilthe last tick of history’s clock, cultural transmission meant oral transmissionand poetry, passed from mouth to ear, was the principal medium of movinginformation across space and from one generation to the next.

译文:直到历史时钟上一刻的敲响,文化传播意味着口头传播,诗歌口耳相传是信息穿越时空并代代相传的主要媒介

考点一:本句话用and连接两句简单句,两句话的主语分别为culturaltransmissionpoetry,passed from mouth to ear是对于poetry的插入语解释

考点二:tick原义为打钩,此处为钟的指针移动,until thelast tick意为直到上一秒历史的时针转动。

 

• Itwas, argues the classicist Eric Havelock, a “massive repository of usefulknowledge, a sort of encyclopedia of ethics, politics, history and technologywhich the effective citizen was required to learn as the core of hiseducational equipment”.

译文:古典学者Eric Havelock认为,它是一种对有用知识的大量储存,一本伦理、政治、历史、科技的百科全书,优秀的公民需要将其作为教育工具的核心来学习

考点一it作为指代词,指的是上文提到的口头诗歌。冒号里的句子都是对口头诗歌的一种描述。

考点二:学者对口头诗歌的描述为repositoryencyclopediausefulknowledge形容repositoryencyclopediaof后跟的是百科全书的内容,which引导的定语从句修饰encyclopedia,说明其一部分的社会功能。

 

• Allthose stylistic quirks, including the formulaic and recurring plot elements andthe bizarrely repetitive epithets – “clever Odysseus” and “gray-eyed Athena” –that had always perplexed readers were actually like thumbprints left by apotter: material evidence of how the poems had been crafted.

译文:所有这些怪异的问题,包括那些公式化反复出现的情节要素以及奇怪的重复绰号——“聪明的Odysseus”以及会眼睛的Athena“——那些一直困扰读者的实际上就像一名陶艺工人留下的指纹:它们是关于诗歌是如何精巧地创作的事实证据。

考点一:这句话较长包括了很多生词,考生需要区分各个语块,句子主干为stylisticquirks were like thumbprintsIncluding引导的分句解释了stylistic quirks的具体内容,that引导的定语从句修饰了formulaicand recurring plot elements and the bizarrely repetitive epithets两个元素。最后一个冒号是对thumbprintsleft by a potterstylisticquirks类比的具体描述。

考点二:考生可以根据单词的词根推断单词的意思,如stylistic的词根为styleformulaic的词根为formula, recurring的词根为occurrepetitive的词根为repeat,

 

• Theprinciples that the oral bards discovered as they sharpened their storiesthrough telling and retelling were the same mnemonic principles thatpsychologists rediscovered when they began conducting their first scientificexperiments on memory around the turn of the twentieth century.

译文:进行口述的游吟诗人通过讲述和复述故事而使故事更加精炼通顺时发现的原则,与心理学家在20世纪初开始进行第一次有关记忆的科学实验时再次发现的助记原则是一致的。

考点一:本句主干为principleswere the same principles,两个principle分别用两个定语从句修饰,前一个principle是游吟诗人在讲故事的时候发现的原则,后一个是心理学家在后来研究记忆的实验时发现的原则。

考点二:as在这里引导的不是原因状语从句,而是伴随状语从句。

 

 

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