2012年职称英语卫生C级考前每日一练(1月17日)

　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第1-4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。$lesson$

　　Keeping Cut Flowers

　　1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around their house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.

　　2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations (康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12~C than when kept at 26~C. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.

　　3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination (授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), called respiration (呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and colour. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.

　　4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature We know that respiration produce heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.

　　5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink" water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach (at 4% solution) be added to each litre of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.

　　1 Paragraph 2 _____.

　　2 Paragraph 3_____.

　　3 Paragraph 4 _____.

　　4 Paragraph 5_____.

　　A Control of Respiration

　　B Beauty of Fresh Cut Flowers

　　C Role of Respiration

　　D Most Important Aspect of Flower Care

　　E Need for Clean Water

　　F Ways of Stopping Respiration

　　5 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers _____.

　　6 Respiration plays a key role_____.

　　7 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down _____.

　　8 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is _____.

　　A by keeping its original shape and colour

　　B in the life of cut flowers

　　C to produce carbon dioxide

　　D for as long as possible

　　E by controlling temperature

　　F to replace the water and solution every day

　　答案：DCAED BEF

　　【解析】

　　概括大意与完成句子是职称英语考试中难度适中的试题，今天我们主要是分析文章，探讨如何在尽量短的时间内克服语法、词汇障碍，找到正确答案。

　　总体上讲，概括大意主要是看每段的段首和段尾句，如果意思一致就直接找答案，如果意思不一致，要简单看一下文章，确定到底哪一句是概括性表述;完成句子的主要技巧在于如何利用关键词进行回文定位，找到原句。然后利用同义转化找到答案。

　　首先，我们看文章的标题：keeping cut flowers。标题很好理解，文章讲会介绍一些如何保存鲜花的技巧。

　　第一段比较简单，属于引入话题，没有太多实际意义。

　　第二段首句是An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. 这是一个很明显的主题句，讲的是保存鲜花重要的事情是温度。

　　第三段首句是Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long.这个句子与标题所显现的主题没有太大的关系，所以不可能是主题句，只能是本段的一个背景，所以我们需要看尾句：Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.讲的是鲜花保存时间的长短与鲜花的呼吸作用密切相关，这与文章主题有直接联系，所以是主题句;

　　第四段首句是How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die?一个问句，非常直观的表明本段的内容，但却没有实质内容，我们需要找到这个问句的答案。看一下段尾：Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.显然，解决方案就是保持低温，弱化鲜花的呼吸作用，鲜花保存的时间就会更长。

　　第五段首句是Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed.非常明显的主题句，讲的是保存鲜花另外一个重要因素是水质。

　　根据我们上边的分析，很清楚找到答案，这里就不再一一列举出来了。

　　下面我们看完成句子。在做完成句子的时候，我们有必要首先将句子还原到做概括大意的时候弄清楚的每一个段落里，在定位的时候会更加快捷。

　　27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers.定位关键字是simple facts，找到原文This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.本题考查的就是this指代的究竟是什么。因为This是一个就近指代词，所以我们往前看一句就可以了：few people know how to keep them for as long as possible。很少有人知道怎样尽可能长久的保存鲜花。那这里的this制的正好是“尽可能长久的保存鲜花”，所以我们就找到了答案;

　　28 Respiration plays a key role. 很显然，根据作概括大意是的理解，原文将在3段中出现，因为第三段讲的是respiration相关的内容。定位的关键词是plays a key role。但是play a key role是一个词组，大家需要明白它的意思，是“担当...的角色;发挥...的作用”，这是一个总结性短语，所以很难直接找到答案，我们只能对全段进行理解。整段讲的是respiration在鲜花的生命历程中的作用和功能，所以选答案应该不成问题。这是一道比较复杂的问题，属于能力区分题。

　　29 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down.定位的关键词是 aging，slowed down。找到文章的句子Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.很显然，这里的答案就是句子前半部分的 maintaining low temperatures，利用同义转化得到答案;

　　30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is.定位的关键词是Another。当然，在作其他文章的时候，有可能文章不出现another，但会出现一些相同意思的表达，比如the other, second, besides, apert from that,等等。找到原文：Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed.找到答案比较容易，但大家要记住这里的vital就是important的意思。

　　总结：本题型属于我们的得分题，利用我们将的技巧应该可以在10~15分钟完成，并能得到比较满意的成绩。