职称英语考试历年真题原文：2012年阅读理解(理工B)

　　第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

　　第一篇 Gross National Happiness

　　In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.

　　King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness. If the people’s happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).

　　GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.

　　Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.

　　Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.

　　Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

　　31. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?

　　A. A king.

　　B. A president.

　　C. A Buddhist priest.

　　D. A general.

　　32. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?

　　A. To make its population grow.

　　B. To keep its traditions and customs.

　　C. To keep it separate from the world.

　　D. To encourage its people to get rich.

　　33. A country shows its progress with GNP by

　　A. spending more money.

　　B. spending less money.

　　C. providing more jobs.

　　D. selling more products.

　　34. According to GNH, people are happier if they

　　A. have new technology.

　　B. can change their religion.

　　C. have a good, stable government.

　　D. have more money.

　　35. Today many countries are

　　A. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.

　　B. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.

　　C. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.

　　D. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.

　　第二篇 Archive Gallery: The Best of Bionics(仿生学)

　　Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet, but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes(长颈鹿), which are otherwise calm and good-natured, sleep only 4.6 hours a day.

　　We realized a long, long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint(蓝图)for invention. We’ve borrowed canals from beavers(河狸)and reflectors from cat’s eyes. Although the words “bionics” became popular only after the 1960s, history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday problems. Our archives(档案)don’t go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes.

　　To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature. One of Orville Wright’s pupils caught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan. Meanwhile, two French inventors examined spinning sycamore(梧桐) seeds in an effort to apply those same motions, reversed, to a helicopter.

　　Some examples are more obvious than others. The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks like a minimalistic (简单抽象艺术) structure. On the other hand, Barney Connett’s fish submarine (潜水艇) actually looks like a fish.

　　Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented. In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills animals in hope of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers(蚂蚱)-sounds shocking, doesn’t it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.

　　36. “cats”,”monkeys” and “giraffes” mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate

　　A. they are highly-evolved species as humans.

　　B. humans can learn animals’skills.

　　C. they are skillful in different ways.

　　D. animals have skills that humans do not possess.

　　37. Which of the following can be found in the archive gallery?

　　A. History books.

　　B. The Wright brothers’sculpture.

　　C. First practical airplanes built in the late 19th century.

　　D. Leonardo da vinci’s bird-like flying machines.

　　38. What happened after the Wright brothers’success?

　　A. People carried out a systematic study on pigeons.

　　B. People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane.

　　C. People cound fly their airplane for fun.

　　D. People kept their airplane at a French gallery.

　　39. Which of the following in true about the research carried out by the US Army?

　　A. It has changed our life.

　　B. It has cost a large sum of money.

　　C. It has improved the abilities of tanks.

　　D. It has not succeeded yet.

　　40. What does the writer want to tell in the passage?

　　A. Many inventions get ideas from nature.

　　B. Some animals possess unique skills.

　　C. People should protect nature.

　　D. Bionics is far from perfect.

　　第三篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan

　　Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life on the Saturn's moon. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini,which pointed to the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.

　　Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are"breathing" in Titan's dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.

　　They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titan's planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This,they say,points to the existence of some"bugs" consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth.

　　"We suggested hydrogen consumption because it's the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan,similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,"says NASA scientist Chris McKay."If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life,it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth."

　　To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life anywhere,though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin (minus 290 degrees Farenheit),a methanebased organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titan's surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.

　　Scientists had expected the Sun's interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titan's surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.

　　The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titan's surface can very well have a non-biological explanation,said Mark Allen,a principal investigator of the NASA Titan team.

　　"Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of work to do to rule out possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."

　　41 .What do scientists claim to have found about Saturn?

　　A. Water-based life on it.

　　B. Methane-based life on its biggest moon.

　　C. A new moon moving around it.

　　D. Earthlike life on its biggest moon.

　　42. Which of the following statements about Titan is true?

　　A. It is as large as the Earth.

　　B. There is acetylene on its surface.

　　C. Water on it acts as a life supporting medium.

　　D. Hydrogen consumption is reported to be on it.

　　43. The expression "this form of life" in paragraph 5 refer to?

　　A. Water-based life.

　　B. oxygen-based life.

　　C. Methane-based life.

　　D. Liquid-based microorganisms.

　　44. It can be inferred from Mark Allen’s address that

　　A. Scientists are trying to confirm these is life on Titan.

　　B. Scientists agree that a chemical process is a convincing explanation.

　　C. Scientists share the opinion that a biological explanation is reasonable.

　　D. Scientists are arguing over whether there is life on Titan.

　　45. Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?

　　A . A different Life Form, a Possibility.

　　B. Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan.

　　C. Finding of One More Moon of Saturn’s.

　　D. Titan, a New Satellite Discovered.

　　第4部分：阅读理解

　　第一篇

　　31.D【解析】题意：第一段列举猫、猴、长颈鹿的例子是为了说明什么?

　　由第一段第一句…but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having(很多动物的技能是人类梦寐以求的)，可确定D选项“动物拥有人类所不具备的技能”是正确的。

　　32.C【解析】题意：下列哪项可以在档案馆中找到?

　　根据文中第二段最后一句Our archives don’t go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird―like flying machines，but we can take you to the late l9thcentury，where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes可知，档案馆中没有达芬奇的鸟类飞行器，但是有最 初的实用飞机。所以C选项First practical airplanes built in the late l9th century是对的。

　　33.B【解析】题意：怀特兄弟成功后发生了什么?

　　文中第三段Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying va―rious aspects of nature可知怀特兄弟成功后，很多人通过研究大自然的方方面面来改进飞机。这与B 选项People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane说法是一致的。

　　34.D【解析】题意：关于美国军方开展的研究，下列哪项是正确的?

　　本句的关键词是US Army，回到文章可以看到最后一段都在描述美国军方的设想，但是他们的设 想还没有演变成现实。如果能实现的话会改变我们的生活。所以D选项是正确的。

　　35.A【解析】题意：作者通过这篇文章想告诉我们什么?

　　通读全文可知，作者意在阐述人类运用仿生学创造了很多发明。所以A选项正确。

　　第二篇

　　36.D【解析】题意：Jigme Singye Wangchuck是谁?

　　根据文章第一段最后一句…a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhntan to become modern可知，Wangchuck是一位新上任的国王。故选D。

　　37.D【解析】题意：除了使不丹现代化，Wangchuck还希望为不丹做什么?

　　根据文章第一段最后一句…King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided tO help Bhutan to become modern，but without losing its traditions，说明Wangchuck不希望不丹丢掉其传统，而第三段第三句 They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs也说明Wangchuck推行的 GNH(国民幸福总值)政策中，如果能保持传统文化和风俗则国民会更幸福。故选D。

　　38.A【解析】题意：一个国家进步在GNP中体现为……。

　　根据文中第二段第三、四句The GNP measures products and money.When the number of prod― ucts sold increases，people say the country is making progress可知，GNP用商品和金钱来衡量，卖出的 商品越多，国家似乎越进步。故选A。

　　39.C【解析】题意：根据GNH，人民若……会更幸福。

　　文章第三段集中讲述GNH，人们更幸福包括they have health care，edtmarion，and jobs;they live in a healthy，protected environment;they can keep their traditional culture and customs;they have a good，stable government。由此可知C项正确。

　　40.D【解析】题意：现在，很多国家……。

　　根据文章第五段第二、三句Many countries are nOW interested in Bhutan’s GNH.These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness可知，很多国家用自己的方式去衡量幸福。故选 D。

　　第三篇

　　41.B【解析】题意：科学家声称在土星上发现了什么?

　　根据文章第一段Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life on the Saturn’s moon…the existence of methane―based form of life on Saturn’s biggest moon可知，科学家声称在土星最大的卫星 上发现了存在甲烷为基础的生命形式。故选B。

　　42.D【解析】题意：下列关于土卫六的说法哪个是正确的?

　　根据文章第二段Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are “breathing”in Titan’s dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen可知，科学家们报导他们发现了被氢气环 绕的土卫六上有原始外星生物“呼吸”的线索，由第三段第二句…they say，points to the existence of some“bugs”consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth。进一步得知这种外星生物是消耗氢气的，故D项正确。由第三段第二句也可知土卫六的大小不到地球的一半，由此A项错误。由第六段Scientists had expected…a coating of acetylene on Titan’s surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface可知，太空船并没有探测到土卫六表面有乙炔的存在，故B项错误。根据第五段第二、三句on Titan…a methane―based organism would have to use a sub― stance that is liquid as its medium for living processes，but not water itself.Water…much too cold to support lire可知以甲烷为基础的生物可以利用液体作为生命活动的介质，但却不是水，故C项错误。所以本题选D.

　　43.C【解析】题意：第五段中“this form of life”指的是什么?

　　根据第四段第一句…similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth可知耗氧生物体存在于地球上，故B项错误。本段最后一句…it would represent a second form of life independent from water― based lire on Earth说明这种生命形式与地球上以水为介质的生物不同，故A项错误。根据第五段 though there are liquid―water―based microorganisms on Earth…a methane―based organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes可知这种生命形式的确是以液体为介质进行生命活动的，但并没有明它们是微生物，故C项错误，同时根据本句和第一段最后一句…the existence of methane―based form of life得知这种生物是基于甲烷的，故C项正确。故选C。

　　44.A【解析】题意：通过马克?艾伦的话可以得出什么结论?

　　根据文中最后一段倒数第一、二句艾伦所说We have a lot of work to do to rule out possible non― biological explanations.It is more likely that a chemical process，without biology，can explain these results可知，科学家们希望通过排除法来确定土卫六上生物体的存在，因为他们发现的这些结果也可能以化学反应来解释。故A项正确，而B项“科学家们认为化学反应是令人信服的解释”，C项“科学家们都认为生物学的解释是合理的”都错误。D项具有一定的迷惑性，由最后一段可得知科学家们在为他们所得的数据找出合理的解释，而并不是在争论到底土卫六上有没有生物，故D项错误。所以本题选A。

　　45.A【解析】题意：下列哪个能取代原标题作为本文的标题?

　　文章标题是《土卫六上发现的生命形式》，能替代的只有A选项：《其他生命形式的存在是有可能的》。B项Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan，由文章第四、五段可知这种生物形式与地球上的生物是不同的，故B项错误。文章通篇都在谈论关于土卫六上的可能存在的生物，对于C项和D项没有涉及，故C项和D项错误。所以本题选A。

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