2015年职称英语考试卫生类C级阅读复习(10)

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　　2015年职称英语考试卫生类C级阅读复习

　　Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women

　　A recent study in Tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were born too small. Babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. The World Health Organization1 estimates that every year twenty million babies are born with low birth weight. Nine out of ten of them are born in developing countries.

　　The new study took place in Dar es Salaam. 4, 200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with2 vitamins C and E. They also contained several times more iron and folate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet.

　　The scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins. A report by the scientists, from the United States and Tanzania, appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine.3 Wafaie Fawzi of the Harvard University School of Public Health4 led the study. None of the women in the study had HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The scientists reported earlier that daily multivitamins were a low-cost way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with5 HIV. The earlier work in Tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cells known as lymphocytes. Lymphocytes increase the body's immunity against infection.

　　The new study in pregnant women who were not infected with the AIDS virus found that multivitamins reduced the risk of low birth weight. Just under eight percent of the babies born to women who took the multivitamins weighed less than 2,500 grams. The rate was almost nine and one-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inactive pill, instead of the vitamins. But the vitamins did not do much to reduce the rates of babies being born too early or dying while still a fetus. Still, the researchers say multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries.

　　孕期妇女宜多补充多维制剂

　　近日，来自坦桑尼亚的研究显示，孕期妇女若每日补充适量多种维生素制剂，则新生儿体重过轻(即少于2.5kg)的几率将明显减少。老师指出，体重过轻的新生儿死亡的风险要大大高于正常体重的新生儿，且即使幸存下来，其成年后患很多疾病如心脏病和糖尿病的几率也会高于常人。世界卫生组织估算，每年全世界有2000万体重过轻的婴儿诞生，其中有90%出生在发展中国家。

　　此次研究试验在坦桑尼亚首都达累斯萨拉姆举行，共有4200名怀孕妇女参加了实验。她们服用的多维制剂包括所有B族维生素、维生素C和维生素E，同时还包括剂量超出发达国家给妇女的建议服用量数倍的铁和叶酸盐。因为孕期妇女较常人更容易发生维生素和矿物质摄人不足的现象，尤其是在发展中国家。

　　作为对照组，研究者给另外4000名孕妇服用了不含有维生素的安慰剂。来自美国和坦桑尼亚的科学家们共同撰写了实验报告，并刊登在《新英格兰医学杂志》上，其中来自哈佛大学公共卫生学院的Wafaie Fawzi为此次研究的组织者。参加实验的所有怀孕妇女均非艾滋病病毒携带者。而在更早的来自坦桑尼亚的研究报告中科学家曾指出，每日补充多维制剂对于已感染艾滋病的孕妇来说是一种减少胎儿死亡几率的成本较低的方式。研究同时检测到，孕妇在服用多维制剂后其血液中的淋巴细胞水平将会上升，而淋巴细胞可以增强人体免疫系统抵御传染病的功能。

　　此次新的研究试验表明，补充多维制剂可以显著降低新生儿体重过轻的概率。服用维生素的孕妇组中，过轻婴儿的比重为总数的8%，而服用安慰剂的对照组中，过轻婴儿的比重接近9.5%。虽然对于降低孕妇早产率和死胎率方面，维生素的作用并不明显。最后，科学家呼吁，发展中国家应努力为所有孕期妇女及时补充多种维生素。