本次考试听力难度依然不小,整套考试重复的是台湾地区9月6日的加场考试内容,也是大陆地区3月1日的考试内容。所以童鞋们要想尽快摆托,还是踏踏实实积累自己听懂的能力,不断提升对各学科学术内容的熟悉和了解,才能面对逐渐变难的听力考题。
Conversation 1
学生觉得生物的那个她不明白,如果是在实验室做的sleep research有可能不符合natural environment的情况。然后教授就说他也做过这样的调查,有那种小的器材可以查脑电波和video可以locate the animal。然后还说学生有兴趣可以去做这样的research,学校有提供,学生说不知道。然后老师说这个项目的Publicity不够好。
-TPO部分对应参考 (论文科研 TPO13-C1/TPO17-C1)
-TPO对应词汇
Lecture 1
研究哪种Energy是最efficient。要所有的energy都转化成heat才最efficient。Fire虽然有亮光但是会产生很多的热。然后就是incandescent light,也会产生很多热。换灯泡就知道了(有题),然后就是F的light,heat比较小但是有Mercury toxin不太好(有题)。然后就是ocean的那种,现在虽然不普遍以后会有很大的发展。
-TPO部分对应参考 (环境科学TPO12-L4/TPO23-L2)
-参考背景
In physics, heating is transfer of energy, from a hotter body to a colder one, other than by work or transfer of matter. It occurs spontaneously whenever a suitable physical pathway exists between the bodies. The pathway can be direct, as in conduction and radiation, or indirect, as inconvective circulation.Heating is a dissipative process. Heat is not a state function of a system.
Kinetic theory explains transfers of energy as heat as macroscopic manifestations of the motions and interactions of microscopic constituents such as molecules and photons.
The quantity of energy transferred as heat is a scalar expressed in an energy unit such as thejoule (J) (SI), with a sign that is customarily positive when a transfer adds to the energy of a system. It can be measured by calorimetry, or determined by calculations based on other quantities, relying on the first law of thermodynamics. In calorimetry, latent heat changes a system's state without temperature change, while sensible heat changes its temperature, leaving some other state variable(s) unchanged; the terms latent and sensible are correlative.
Heat is a central concept in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, and is also important inchemistry, engineering, and other disciplines.
Lecture 2
讲的是海蛇喝水。不像其他的marine creatures,海蛇通过喝fresh water能保持hydrated。海蛇在舌头底下合成水,但是并不efficient。它会在rainfall之后喝fresh water。在降雨之后,一些有很多海蛇分布的区域,会形成water lenses。开头雨水不会和海水mix,但在这些calm places, mix的时间是最长的。接下来是个实验,在缺水的情况下不喝水,有fresh water的时候立即摄入水。
-TPO部分对应参考 (动物类TPO10-L1/TPO23-L3)
-参考背景
Sea snakes are generally reluctant to bite, and are usually considered to be mild-tempered, although there is variation among species and individuals.[12] Some species, such as Pelamis platurus, which feed by simply gulping down their prey, are more likely to bite when provoked because they seem to use their venom more for defense. Others, such as Laticauda, use their venom for prey immobilization; these snakes are often handled without concern by local fishermen, who unravel and toss them back into the water barehanded when the snakes become entangled in fishing nets. Species reported as much more aggressive include Aipysurus laevis,Astrotia stokesii, Enhydrina schistosa , Enhydrina zweifeli and Hydrophis ornatus.
Sea snakes appear to be active both day and night. In the morning, and sometimes late in the afternoon, they can be seen at the surface basking in the sunlight, and they will dive when disturbed. They have been reported swimming at depths of over 90 m (300 ft), and can remain submerged for as long as a few hours, possibly depending on temperature and degree of activity.
Sea snakes have been sighted in huge numbers. For example, in 1932, a steamer in the Strait of Malacca, off the coast of Malaysia, reported sighting "millions" of Astrotia stokesii, a relative of Pelamis; these reportedly formed a line of snakes 3 m (9.8 ft) wide and 100 km (62 mi) long. The cause of this phenomenon is unknown, although it likely has to do with reproduction. They can sometimes be seen swimming in schools of several dozen, and many dead specimens have been found on beaches after typhoons.
Conversation 2
女的要搬出学校住,想提前把钱拿来租房。
-TPO部分对应参考 (其他话题 TPO5-C1/TPO8-C1)
-TPO对应词汇
Lecture 3
一个formation里面有fossil,想确定一群人去Europe的时间。
-TPO部分对应参考 (考古学人类学TPO23-L1/TPO22-L1)
-参考背景
Fossils (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") are the preserved remains ortraces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past. The totality of fossils, both discovered and undiscovered, and their placement in fossiliferous (fossil-containing) rockformations and sedimentary layers (strata) is known as the fossil record.
The study of fossils across geological time, how they were formed, and the evolutionaryrelationships between taxa (phylogeny) are some of the most important functions of the science of paleontology. Such a preserved specimen is called a "fossil" if it is older than some minimum age, most often the arbitrary date of 10,000 years. Hence, fossils range in age from the youngest at the start of the Holocene Epoch to the oldest from the Archaean Eon, up to 3.48 billion years old. The observation that certain fossils were associated with certain rock strata led early geologists to recognize a geological timescale in the 19th century. The development ofradiometric dating techniques in the early 20th century allowed geologists to determine the numerical or "absolute" age of the various strata and thereby the included fossils.
Lecture 4
关于Jane Austen的讲座。主要说她的经历对后来创作的影响,谈到她按照自己的方式进行批判,而同时代的另一个作家就不同了。
-TPO部分对应参考 (文学类TPO6-L3/TPO13-L3)
-参考背景
Jane Austen (16 December 1775 ? 18 July 1817) was an English novelist whose works ofromantic fiction, set among the landed gentry, earned her a place as one of the most widely read writers in English literature. Her realism, biting irony and social commentary have gained her historical importance among scholars and critics.
Austen lived her entire life as part of a close-knit family located on the lower fringes of the English landed gentry. She was educated primarily by her father and older brothers as well as through her own reading. The steadfast support of her family was critical to her development as a professional writer. From her teenage years into her thirties she experimented with various literary forms, including an epistolary novel which she then abandoned, wrote and extensively revised three major novels and began a fourth. From 1811 until 1816, with the release of Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1815), she achieved success as a published writer. She wrote two additional novels, Northanger Abbey andPersuasion, both published posthumously in 1818, and began a third, which was eventually titledSanditon, but died before completing it.
Austen's works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century realism. Her plots, though fundamentally comic, highlight the dependence of women on marriage to secure social standing and economic security. Her works, though usually popular, were first published anonymously and brought her little personal fame and only a few positive reviews during her lifetime, but the publication in 1869 of her nephew's A Memoir of Jane Austen introduced her to a wider public, and by the 1940s she had become widely accepted in academia as a great English writer. The second half of the 20th century saw a proliferation of Austen scholarship and the emergence of a Janeite fan culture.
加试部分还是经典加试,第二个Section
学生丢ID卡+神经元细胞+英国浪漫主义诗人