以下就是100留学为大家整理的TPO阅读部分20个长难句解析，希望对各位考生的备考有所帮助：

14. In fact, when tapes of begging tree swallows were playedat an artificial swallow nest containing an egg, the egg in that “noisy” nestwas taken or destroyed by predators before the egg in a nearby quiet nest in 29of 37 trials.

难句类型:复杂修饰

本句结构其实不难,但是有很多人读不懂,when tapes of begging tree swallows were played at an artificial swallow nestcontaining an egg 是状语从句,主句是 theegg in that “noisy” nest was taken or destroyed by predators before the egg ina nearby quiet nest in 29 of 37 trials.影响同学们理解本句的关键是在before 这个词上, 很多同学一看到它就认为是在什么之前,以为是方位上的比较,其实这是时间上的比较,就 是说比较喧闹的鸟巢中的鸟蛋先被破坏。主谓宾都有修饰成分,所以句子读起来不是很舒服。

译文:

事实上,当在一个放有鸟蛋的人工燕巢里播放燕子乞讨的录音时,37 次实验中有 29 次,在“喧闹”环境中的鸟蛋比在附近安静燕巢中的蛋先被捕食者夺走或毁坏。

15. The hypothesis that begging calls have evolved propertiesthat reduce their potential for attracting predators yields a prediction: babybirds of species that experience high rates of nest predation should producesofter begging signals of higher frequency than nestlings of other species lessoften victimized by nest predators.

难句类型:同位语从句+定语从句等复杂修饰

本句主语是 The hypothesis 后面跟了一个由 that 引导的同位语从句 begging calls have evolvedproperties 然后又有一个由 that 引导的定语从句reduce their potential for attracting predators 修饰properties,其实主句结构很简单,就是 thehypothesis yields a prediction,然后冒号后面的部分来解释这个假设, babybirds should produce softer begging signals,同学们遇到这样的复杂修饰的句子,一定要先把主句结构读出来, 核心意思掌握了,再看那些次要的修饰成分即可。

译文:

关于乞讨声发展演化出一些性质,能够降低幼鸟吸引捕食者的潜在危险的假说产生出一个预言:那些被捕食频率较高的幼鸟种群应该比那些很少被捕食的种群产生出更柔和的高频乞讨信号。

16. The answer lies apparently not in the increased energycosts of exaggerated begging—such energy costs are small relative to thepotential gain in calories— but rather in the damage that any successfulcheater would do to its siblings, which share genes with one another.

难句类型:插入成分+复杂修饰成分

本句中有一个由两个破折号引导的比较长的插入成分,我们先跳过插入成分,完整的读下来 句子应该是 The answer lies not in theincreased energy costs but rather in the damage,其他的都是非重点的次要句子成分,同学们只要能读出来本句的核心意思是答案 不在高能量消耗而在伤害,就可以了。至于其他的修饰成分,只要搞清楚谁修饰谁就可以。 ETS 非常喜欢这种层层追加修饰的方法,把句子搞得很长,但是实际上没有什么重要信息。

译文:

答案明显不在于夸张的乞讨叫声需要高能量消耗 ——这些能量和将要获得的能量相比是很少的——而是在于任何一个成功的欺骗者会对和它有同样基因的亲缘造成伤害。

17. Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left,as befits the work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have thelight source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on thetip of the engraving tool or brush.

难句类型:插入成分+复杂从句

我们先跳过插入成分读主句结构是 Most engravings are bestlit from the left, 由 as 引 导的从句befits the work of right-handed artists 对主句进行解释和说明,然后由 who 引导定语从句嵌套一个目的状语从句来修饰艺术家这么做的原因 generallyprefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their handdoes not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush.

译文:

例如,大多数时候都是从左侧照射雕刻比较好,这样适于右撇子艺术家工作,他们通常喜欢 将光源放在左侧以便自己手的投影不会落在雕刻工具或刷子的末端。

18. In stone toolmaking experiments, Nick Toth, aright-hander, held the core (the stone that would become the tool) in his lefthand and the hammer stone in his right.

难句类型:插入成分+易混单词

本句中插入成分实在比较多,在这么短的句子中出现的插入成分将整个句子弄得支离破碎。跳过插入成分,主句结构应该是 Nick Toth held the corein his left hand and the hammer stone in his right.其实就是描述了一个很简单的场景,但是 a right-hander 和 括号 (the stone that would become the tool)中的两个插入成分非常讨厌,同学们一定 要养成读主干和跳过插入语 的习惯。此外句子出现了左右,同学们读句子的时候容易混淆。一定要分清。

译文:

在石器工具制造的实验中,右撇子Nick Toth 左手握住 the core(将会成为工具的那 块石头),右手举着石锤。

19. In many instances, spectators in the era before recordedsound experienced elaborate aural presentations alongside movies' visual images,from the Japanese benshi (narrators) crafting multivoiced dialogue narrativesto original musical compositions performed by symphony-size orchestras inEurope and the United States.

难句类型:复杂修饰成分

本句主干结构是 spectators experienced elaborateaural presentations alongside movies' visual images,其实非常简单,就是说观众们既看到影像也欣赏到了音效。但是 从句子一开头的状语 In manyinstances 开始,作者用 in the erabefore recorded sound 修饰主语 spectators,割裂了谓语 experienced 和主语之间的关系,然后宾语是 elaborate aural presentations alongside movies' visual images 倒不难,但是随后用 一个 from the Japanese benshi(narrators) crafting multi voiced dialogue narratives to original musicalcompositions performed by symphony-size orchestras in Europe and the UnitedStates.来解释这个主干成分的句子。就使句子变得很复杂了。

译文:

很多时候,在有声时代之前,观众们在观看影像的同时也欣赏到了精心制作的音效,从日本多人对话叙事到欧美交响乐的原声乐，无不体现这一点。