经济和开放有关词汇的翻译
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1. reform一词的搭配法
reform可以和以下动词连用：
accomplish/effect/initiate/make/start reforms
bring about reforms
carry a reform into effect
advocate/propose/urge reforms
“深化改革”在我国出版的英语报刊上常译成deepen reform. 一般说deepen做及物动词时常与knowledge, understanding一类词连用。“深化改革”中的“深化”就是“进一步”的意思，可译成：
intensify the rural reform
further carry out reforms
as the reform further develops/is carried forward/is pushed forward
2.“改革开放”的表达法
“改革开放”可译成the policy of reform and opening up 或the reform and the open policy。切不可与the open-door policy（“门户开放”政策）混淆。“进一步开放”或“门要开得更大”可译成reform and opening up went one step further; further reform and opening up.
“加快改革开放的步伐”可译成accelerate the pace of reform and opening up.
3. 坚持
“坚持”可以译作adhere to, persevere in, persist in, hold on to, stick to, keep to等，如：
adherence to the socialist road, to communist party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zetong thought.
adhering to a coordinated and balanced program of development.
persevere in the pursuit of 1 central task and 2 basic points
persisting in reform and opening up
hold on to socialism
stick to this attitude
keep to the socialist orientation
adhere to 的意识是“坚持维护，支持”，“信仰坚定”，“忠于”，如：“坚持党的基本路线”可译作 adhere to the party's basic line，“坚持无产阶级国际主义”可译作adhere to proletarian internationalism。
persevere in 和persist in 一般用于行动，都有“在困难或遭到反对的情况下继续”的意思；但persevere in 带褒义，表示“不屈不挠”，而persist in 带贬义，表示“顽固，不听开导”，如：
perseverance means success.
persevere in one's studies/armed struggle
persist in one's errors/asking insulting questions
hold one to 的意思是“抓住不放”，用于beliefs, ideas, principles时表示“坚持信仰”，即使他人影响或情况使人产生怀疑，也不改变或放弃，如：hold on to one's views
stick to 的意思是“粘住，不离”；和choice, decision, principle, belief 等词连用时，也有“不变，不放弃”，“坚持”的意思。
keep to 有“不离”，“不违背”，“遵守”的意思，如：
keep to the main road
keep to prearranged plan
keep to 用于decision; belief; rules时有“坚持”的意思。此外，“坚持”也可译作insist on, keep up, uphold 等。
insist on 多用于意见，主张，表示“硬要”，“坚决要求”，如：
we insist on an interview before we accept any ma candidate.
she insisted on her innocence.
he insisted on going innocence.
keep up 的意思是“继续”，如：
keep up one's studies/piano practice/the attack / the good work
uphold 的意思 是“支持”，赞同“，可和law, principle, system, practice连用，表示”坚持“。”我们党坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的世界观“可译作our party upholds dialectical materialism and historical materialism as its world outlook.
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