职称英语考试历年真题原文：2012年阅读理解(综合B)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

　　第一篇Oseola McCarty

　　Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999，Oseola McCarty，an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life.It mav seem like an ordinary end to a humble life，but there was something quite exceptional about this woman.

　　In the summer of 1995，McCarty gave$1 50，000，most of the money she had saved throughout her life，to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown.The money was to help other African Americans through university.She had started her savings habit as a young child when she would

　　return from school to clean and iron for money which she would then save.

　　She led a simple，frugal existence，never spending on anything but her most basic needs.Her bank also advised her on investing her hard―earned savings.

　　When she retired，she decided that she wanted to use the money to give children of limited means the opportunity to go to university.She had wanted to become a nurse，but had to leave school to look after ill relatives and work.When asked why she had given her life savings away，she replied，“I’m giving it away so that children won’t have to work so hard，like I did.”After news of her donation hit the media，over 600 donations were made to the scholarship fund.One was given by media executive，Ted Turner，who reputedly gave a billion dollars.She didn’t want any fuss made over her gift，but the news got out and she was invited all over the United States to talk to people.Wherever she went，people would come up to her to say a few words or to just touch her.She met the ordinary and the famous，President Clinton included.In the last few years of her life，before she died of cancer，McCarty was given over 300 awards：she was honoured by the United Nations and received the Presidential Citizen’s Medal.Despite having no real education，she found herself with two honorary doctorates：one from the University of Southern Mississippi and the other from Harvard University.Her generosity was clearly an inspiration to many and proof that true selflessness does exist.

　　31.This woman shocked and inspired the world because__________.

　　A.she had managed to save so much money

　　B.she gave her money to African Americans

　　C.she gave her life savings to help others through university

　　D.she only spent money on cheap things

　　32.She managed to save so much money because__________.

　　A.she had ironed and washed clothes all her life

　　B.she had worked hard，saved hard and invested carefully

　　C.she had opened a good bank account

　　D.she knew how to make money

　　33.She gave her money away because__________.

　　A.she wanted to help the university

　　B.she wanted others to have the chance to become nurses

　　C.she wanted others to have the opportunity to escape a hard life

　　D.she want to be remembered after her death

　　34.When her generosity was made__________.

　　A.people donated billions

　　B.hundreds of students got scholarships

　　C.hundreds of people put money into the fund

　　D.she was sent to university

　　35.Marcarty’s generosity indicates clearly that__________.

　　A.scholarship funds are popular in US

　　B.kind-hearted people deserves doctorates

　　C.selflessness exists in human society

　　D.poor people can donate as much as rich people

　　D.poor people can donate as much as rich people

　　第二篇From Ponzi to Madoff

　　The year was 1920.The country was the United States of America.The man’s name was Charles Ponzi.Ponzi told people to stop depositing money in a savings account.Instead，they should give it to him to save for them.Ponzi promised to pay them more than the bank.For example，a savings account might pay you$5 a year for every$1 00 you deposit.Ponzi，however，would pay you $40 a year for every $1 00 you gave him to hold.Many people thought this was a good plan.They began to give their money to Ponzi.

　　How could Ponzi make so much money for people? This is what he did with the money people gave him：He used some of that money to pay other people who gave him money.However，he also kept a lot of the money for himself.Soon he had $250 million.This was a kind of theft，and it was against the law.The people who gave him their money didn’t think anything was wrong.Ponzi paid them every month，just like a bank.Ponzi continued this way of working for two years.Then one day，

　　he didn’t have enough money to pay all the people.They discovered his crime，and he went to prison for froud.

　　Ninety years later，people began to hear about a businessman in New York named Bernard Mad off.People said he gave good advice about money.They said when they gave him their money，he paid them a lot more than the bank.Mad off helped hospitals，schools，and individuals earn money.Over a period of 40 years，people gave him$1 70 billion.However，no one investigated what he did with the

　　money.The people who gave Mad off their money also didn’t think anything was wrong because he paid them every month.

　　One day，Mad off didn’t have enough money to pay all the people he needed to pay.That’s when people discovered how Madoff worked：He was taking money from some people to pay other people， just the way Charles Ponzi did.However，this time，instead of losing millions of dollars，people lost billions.

　　Madoff was accused of fraud，and United States government officials arrested him.He didn’t have to go on trial because he said he was guilty.In 2009，a judge sentenced him to 150 years in prison.Bernard Madoff’s crime was even bigger than Ponzi’s.It was the biggest fraud in history.The lesson of this story is clear：When something seems too good to be true，it probably is !

　　36.For every$100 Ponzi promises to pay people__________.

　　A.$5 a year

　　B.$40 a year

　　C.$20 a year

　　D.$100 a year

　　37.What did Ponzi do with the money people gave him?

　　A.He spent it all on things for himself.

　　B.He used some of it to pay other people.

　　C.He deposited it all in a bank.

　　D.He kept it all to save for a good plan.

　　38.What was Ponzi’s crime?

　　A.He kept a lot of other peoples’money for himself__________.

　　B.He robbed the banks of millions of dollars.

　　C.He gave people more than bank allowed.

　　D.He didn’t pay people the interests.

　　39.How long did Mad off’s trick lasts?

　　A.Four years.

　　B.Forty years.

　　C.Nine years.

　　D.Ninety years.

　　40.Why didn’t Mad off have to go on trial?

　　A.He admitted he was guilty.

　　B.The officials couldn’t find any evidence against him.

　　C.He had friends in government who helped him.

　　D.He returned all illegal money.

　　第三篇Gross National Happiness

　　In the last century，new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries.However，one country resisted these changes.High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia，the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate.Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years.Bhutan，however，was a poor country.People died at a young age.Most of its people could not read，and they did not know much about the outside world.Then，in 1972，a Dew ruier named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern，but without losing its traditions King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas.He saw that most countries measured tnmrprogress by their Gross National Product(GNP).The GNP measures products and money.When the number of Droducts sold increases people say the country is making progress.King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan.He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness.If the people’s happiness increased，the king could say that Bhutan was making progress.To decide if people were happier，he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GN H).

　　GN H is based on certain principles that create happiness.People are happier if they have health care.education，and jobs.They are happier when they live in a healthy，protected environment.They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs.Finally，people are happier when they have a good，stable government.

　　Now this is some evidence of increased GN H in Bhutan.People are healthier and are living longer.

　　More people are educated and employed.Twenty―five percent of the land has become national parks，and the country has almost no pollution.The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs.Bhutan has also become a democracy.In 2008，King Wang chuck gave his power to his son.Although the country still had a king，it held its first democratic elections

　　that year.Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time.Finally，Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.

　　Bhutan is a symbol for social progress.Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH.

　　These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.They want to create new policies that take care of their people，cultures，and land.

　　Brazil nlay be the next country to use the principles of GNH.Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration.Brazil is a large country with a diverse population.If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil，perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

　　4 1.Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?

　　A.A Dresident.

　　B.A Buddhist priest.

　　C.A general.

　　D.A king.

　　42.Apart from modernizing Bhutan，what else did Wang chuck want to do for Bhutan?

　　A.To make its population grow.

　　B.To keep it separate from the world.

　　C.To encourage its people to get rich.

　　D.To keep its tradition and customs.

　　43.A country shows its progress with GNP by__________.

　　A.selling more products

　　B.spending more money

　　C.spending less money

　　D.providing more jobs

　　44.According to GNH，people are happier if they __________.

　　A.have new technology

　　B.can change their religion

　　C.have a good，stable government

　　D.have more money

　　45.Today，many countries are y__________.

　　A.using the principles of GN H to measure their progress

　　B.working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH

　　C.taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress

　　D.trying to find their own ways to measure happiness

　　第4部分：阅读理解

　　第一篇

　　31.C【解析】句意：这位震惊并激励了世界上的人是因为……

　　根据文章第一段最后一句there was something quite exceptional about this woman可得知这位妇人有着非同寻常之处，由第二段第一、二句In the summer of l995，McCarty gave$150，000，most of the money she had saved throughout her life，to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown.The money was to help other African Americans through university可知，这位妇人竞积攒了如此一大笔钱并将其捐献。所以B项“她把钱给非裔美国人”是错误的。A项“她积攒了那么多钱”，这并不是她使人震惊和受到激励的原因，而是她将毕生积蓄捐出这一行为令人佩服，所以C项“她将其毕生积蓄捐给学校来帮助别人”正确。D项“她只买便宜东西”，文中未提及。故选C。

　　32.B【解析】句意：她能攒下这么大笔钱是因为……。

　　根据文章第二段最后一句和第三段She had started her savings habit as a young child…She led a simple，frugal existence，never spending on anything but her most basic needs.Her bohk aIso advjsed her on investing her hardearned savings可知，她努力工作，努力存钱并谨慎投资。故B项正确。而第二段最后一句提及的是她小时候放学后做清洁和熨衣服赚钱，并没有提到她一生都在做这种工作，所以 A项错误。C项、D项说法都比较模糊不全面。故选B。

　　33.C【解析】句意：她把钱财都捐了是因为……。

　　根据文章第四段第一、二句…the money to give children of limited means the opportunity to go to university.She had wanted to become a nurse，but had to leave school to look after ill relatives and work和第三句l’m giving it away so that children won’t have to work so hard，like I did可知，她希望别人有机会上大学而不必再像她那样毕生操劳。所以C项正确。她捐出积蓄是为帮助非裔美国人，而不是帮助大学，故A项错误，B项说法文中未提及。由第五段第一句She didn’t want any fuss made over her gift可知，她并不想为自己的捐献而大惊小怪，博人眼球，所以D项错误。故选C。

　　34.C【解析】句意：她的慷慨使人们……

　　根据文章第四段倒数第二句After news of her donation hit the media，over 600 donations were made to the scholarship fund可知，受她事迹的感染，超过600人也慷慨解囊捐款，故C项正确。A项、 B项和D项文中未提及。因此本题选C。

　　35.C【解析】句意：Marcarty的慷慨说明……。

　　文章最后一句Her generosity was clearly an inspiration to many and prOof tbat true selflessness does exist明确点出她的慷慨表明真正的无私是存在的，故可判断C项正确。因此本题选C。

　　第二篇

　　36.B【解析】题意：庞齐承诺每100美元一年给人们多少收益?

　　题中的关键字是$100，回原文查找，很容易找到第一段倒数第三、四句For example，a savings ac count might pay you$5 a year for every$100 you deposit.Ponzi，however，would pay you$40 a year for every$100you gave him to hold这说明100元存银行只有5元的收益，但是庞齐却给40元的收益。所以本题选B。

　　37.B【解析】句意：当人们把钱给庞齐的时候他是怎么做的?

　　关于庞齐如何处置别人给他的钱，文章第二段中第二句This is what he did with the monev people gave him：He used some of that money to pay other people who gave him money他把钱给另外给他钱的人。这也就是我们常说的拆东墙补西墙。所以本题选B。

　　38.D【解析】句意：庞齐犯了什么罪?

　　本题的关键字是crime，在文章第二段找到相关句为本段最后一句They discovered his crime，and he went to prison for fraud从中我们可以看到，他是因为诈骗入狱的。四个选项中D项他没有给人们支付利息属于诈骗，所以本题选D。

　　39.B【解析】句意：麦道夫的骗局持续了多长时间?

　　文中关于年的语句很多，要仔细甄别。文章从第三段开始讲述关于麦道夫的故事。第三段第五句 Over a period of 40 years，people gave him$170 billion与题干相呼应，即在超过40年的时间里，人们拱手给他送上1700亿美元。所以本题选B。

　　40.A【解析】句意：为什么麦道夫没有必要出庭受审?

　　文中最后一段第二句He didn’t have to go on trial because he said he was guilty表明他没有被审判是因为他自认有罪。所以本题选A.

　　第三篇

　　41.D【解析】题意：Jigme Singye Wangchuck是谁?

　　根据文章第一段最后一句…a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern可知，Wangchuck是一位新上任的国王。故选D。

　　42.D【解析】题意：除了使不丹现代化，Wangchuck还希望为不丹做什么?

　　根据文章第一段最后一句…King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern，but without losing its traditions，说明Wangchuck不希望不丹丢掉其传统，而第三段第三句 They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs也说明Wangchuck推行的 GNH(国民幸福总值)政策中，如果能保持传统文化和风俗则国民会更幸福。故选D。

　　43.A【解析】题意：一个国家进步在GNP中体现为……。

　　根据文中第二段第三、四句The GNP measures products and money.when the number of products sold increases，people say the country is making progress可知，GNP用商品和金钱来衡量，卖出的商品越多，国家似乎越进步。故选A。

　　44.C【解析】题意：根据GNH，人民若……会更幸福。

　　文章第三段集中讲述GNH，人们更幸福包括they have health care，education，and jobs;they live in a healthy，protected environment;they can keep their traditional culture and customs;they have a good，stable government。由此可知C项正确。

　　45.D【解析】题意：现在，很多国家……。

　　根据文章第五段第二、三句Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’S GNH.These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness可知，很多国家用自己的方式去衡量幸福。故选 D。

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