职称英语考试历年真题原文：2012年阅读理解(综合C)

　　第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

　　第一篇 From Ponzi to Madoff

　　The year was l920.The country was the United States of America.The man’s name was Charles Ponzi.Ponzi told people to stop depositing money in a savings account.Instead，they should give it to him to save for them.Ponzi promised to pay them more than the bank.For example，a savings account

　　might pay you$5 a year for every$100 you deposit.Ponzi，however，would pay you$40 a year for every$100 you gave him to hold.Many people thought this was a good plan.They began to give their money to Ponzi.

　　How could Ponzi make so much money for people'? This is what he did with the money people gavc him：He used some of that money to pay other people who gave him money.However，he also kept a lot of ttle money for himself.Soon he had $250 million.This was a kind of theft，and it was against the law.The people who gave him their money didn’t think anything was wron9.Ponzi paid thcm every month，just like a bank.Ponzi continued this way of working for two years.Then one day，he didn’t have enough money to pay all the people.They discovered his crime，and he went to prison for fraud.

　　Ninety years later，people began to hear about a businessman in New York named Bernard Mad off.People said he gave good advice about money.They said when they gave him their money，he paid them a lot more than the bank.Madoff helped hospitals，schools，and individuals earn money.Over a period of 40 years，people gave him $170 billion.However，no one investigated what he did with the money.The people who gave Mad off their money also didn’t think anything was wrong because he paid them every month.

　　One day，Mad off didn’t have enough money to pay all the people he needed to pay.That’s when people discovered how Mad off worked：He was taking money from some people to pay other people，just the wav Charles Ponzi did.However，this time，instead of losing millions of dollars，people lost billions.

　　Mad off was accused of fraud，and United States government officials arrested him.He didn’t have to go on trial because he said he was guilty.In 2009，a judge sentenced him to 150 years in prison.Bernard Mad off’s crime was even bigger than Ponzi’s.It was the biggest fraud in history.The lesson of this story is clear：When something seems too good to be true，it probably is!

　　31.For every$100，Ponzi promised to pay people__________.

　　A.$5 a year.

　　B.$20 a year.

　　C.$40 a year.

　　D.$100 a year.

　　32.What did Ponzi do with the money people gave him?

　　A.He spent it all on things for himself.

　　B.He used some of it to pay other people.

　　C.He deposited it all in a bank.

　　D.He kept it all to save for a good plan.

　　33.What was Ponzi’s crime?

　　A.He robbed the banks of millions of dollars.

　　B.He gave people more than the bank did.

　　C.He kept a lot of other people’s money for himself.

　　D.He did not pay people their interests.

　　34.How long did Mad offs tricks last?

　　A.Forty years.B.Four year.

　　C.Nine years.D.Ninety years.

　　35.Why didn’t Mad off have to go on trial?

　　A.The officials couldn’t find any evidence against him.

　　B.He had friends in the government who helped him.

　　C.He admitted he was guilty.

　　D.He returned all the illegal money.

　　第二篇Puerto Rican Cuisine(菜肴)

　　Puerto Rico，a Caribbean(加勒比海区)island rich in history and remarkable nalural beauty，has a cuisine aIf its own.Immigration(移民)to the island has helped to shape its cuisine，with people from all over the world making various contributions to it.However，before the arrival of these immigrants，the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Ric0.Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents(啮齿动物)，fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.

　　Manv aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking，but it has been heavily in fluenced bv the Spanish，who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508，and Africans，who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves.Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes.The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle，pigs，goats，and sheed to the island.Africans also added to the island’s food culture by introducing powerful，contrasting tasits in dishes.In fact，much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous for coffee，coconuts，and oranges was actually imported by foreigners to the island.

　　A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的).It’s true that chili peppers are popular;aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy.However，milder(微辣的)tastes are popular t00，such as sofrito.As the base of manv Puerto Rican dishes，sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions，green bell peppers，sweet chill peppers，and a handful of other spices.It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.

　　36 Who lived in Puerto Rico first?

　　A.The Africans.

　　B.The Spanish.

　　C.The Americans.

　　D.The Taino people.

　　3 7.In the first paragraph the word“it”refers to__________.

　　A.immigration

　　B.Caribbean history

　　C.the island’s natural beauty

　　D.Puerto Rican cuisine

　　38.What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

　　A.Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking.

　　B.Food imported by foreigners isn’t really Puerto Rican.

　　C.Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences.

　　D.African foods have probably had the most influence.

　　39.How is sofrito used?

　　A.It is eaten before meals.

　　B.It is added to other dishes.

　　C.It is used where foods are too spicy.

　　D.It iS eaten as a main dish.

　　40.Which of the following is NOT true?

　　A.Softito is a type of extremely spicy food.

　　B.Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicv.

　　C.Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers.

　　D.Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper.

　　第三篇The Changing Middle Class

　　The United States perceives itself to be a middle―class nation.However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges(特权).It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II.The economy was growin9;more and more people owned their own homes;workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them;and nearly，everyone who wanted a higher education could have one.Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility.They may have started out poor，but they could become rich.Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility.In other words，they found themselves moving to and hving in a variety of places.

　　The middle class collectively holds several values and principles.One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine one’s own economic fate.In addition，middle class morality(道德观)embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of faraily，obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneself.

　　But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success.A U.S.News &World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet.Both spouses flow worked，as did some of the children;long commutes became routine;the need for child care put strains On the family;and public schools were not as good as they once were.Members of the middle class were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat.The understanding of just what middle class meant was changing.

　　41.This passage gives information about__________.

　　A.a social and economic group

　　B.an individual

　　C.a political organization

　　D.a government department

　　42.In the years after World War II the middle class were__________.

　　A.over burdened and in debt

　　B.hard working and doubtful

　　C.happy and full of hope.

　　D.young and upset

　　43.One important middle―class value is that__________.

　　A.people should always have fun

　　B.children should believe in themselves

　　C.debt is nothing to worry about

　　D.they should earn enough to finance their lifestyles

　　44.In the second paragraph，the word“collectively”means__________.

　　A.hesitatingly

　　B.unknowingly

　　C.weakly

　　D.commonly

　　45.The 1994 survey showed most Americans thought the middle class__________.

　　A，took pleasure in raising children

　　B.had a regular journey to work

　　C.could not earn enough money to maintain their lifestyles

　　D.could easily maintain their lifestyles

　　第4部分：阅读理解

　　第一篇

　　31.C【解析】题意：庞齐承诺每l00美元一年给人们多少收益?

　　题中的关键字是$100，回原文查找，很容易找到第一段倒数第三、四句For example，a savings account might pay you$5 fl year for every$100 you deposit.Ponzi，however，would pay you$40 a year for every$100 you gave him to hold这说明100元存银行只有5元的收益，但是庞齐却给40元的收益。所以本题选C。

　　32.B【解析】句意：当人们把钱给庞齐的时候他是怎么做的?

　　关于庞齐如何处置别人给他的钱，文章第二段中第二句This is what he did with the money people gave him：He used some of that money to pay other people who gave him money他把钱给另外给他钱的人。这也就是我们常说的拆东墙补西墙。所以本题选8。

　　33.D 【解析】句意：庞齐犯了什么罪?

　　本题的关键字是crime，在文章第二段找到相关句为本段最后一句They discovered his crime，and he went to prison for Jraud从中我们可以看到，他是因为诈骗入狱的。四个选项中D项他没有给人们支付利息属于诈骗，所以本题选D。

　　34.A【解析】句意：麦道夫的骗局持续了多长时间?

　　文中关于年的语句很多，要仔细甄别。文章从第三段开始讲述关于麦道夫的故事。第三段第五句0ver a period of 40 years，people gave him$170 billion与题干相呼应，即在超过40年的时间里，人们拱手给他送上1700亿乏元。所以本题选A。

　　35.C【解析】句意：为什么麦道夫没有必要出庭受审?

　　文中最后一段第二句He didn’t have to go on trial because he said he was guilty表明他没有被审判是因为他自认有罪。所以本题选C。

　　第二篇

　　36.D【解析】题意：最初住在波多黎各的是什么人?

　　第一段第三句before the arrival of these immigrants，the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico说明，在移民进入之前，泰诺人住在波多黎各。所以D项是对的。

　　37.D【解析】题意：在第一段中单词“it”指的是什么?

　　在第一段中找到il所在的句子为Immigration to the island has helped to shape its cuisine，with people from all over the world making various contributions to it从此句可以看出，it指代的是上半句的cuisine(菜肴)。所以选D。

　　38.C【解析】题意：第二段主要讲的是什么?

　　第二段最后一句是对全段的总结：much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous…was actually im― ported by foreigners tt-the island可见波多黎各菜肴是受众多外国移民的影响。所以C项是正确的。

　　39.B【解析】题意：sofrit0是用来做什么的?

　　到文中最后一段找到关于的sofrit0叙述，本段末两句As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes， sofrito is a sauce…，可知sofrit0是波多黎各菜肴的基本材料，是一种浇在其它菜上的酱。所以B项It is added to other dishes是对的，故选8。

　　40.A[解析】题意：下列哪个是不正确的?

　　四个选项都是围绕着辣的话题，这些在最后一段都能找到答案。由本段第三句However，milder tastes are popular too，such as sofrito可知sofrito是微辣的，但项A中说sofrito是极辣的，显然不正确，故选A。

　　第三篇

　　41.A【解析】题意：本文提供了关于……的信息。

　　全文都在讲美国的中产阶级，所以本题的关键词是middle class，对于中产阶级，它既不是一个独立个体(B项)，也不是一个政治组织(C项)，更不是一个政府部门(D项)，它是一个社会经济群体。所以本题选A。

　　42.C【解析】题意：二战后，中产阶级……

　　关于二战后的讲述，集中在第一段。由本段后半部分可知，在这段时期，中产阶级的工作稳定，教育环境优良。所以备选项中负担沉重、工作困苦、年轻沮丧等说法都不正确，因此本题要选择C，中产阶级 。

　　43.D【解析】题意：中产阶级所持有的一个重要的价值观是……

　　根据第二段第二句0ne strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can deter- mine one's own economic fale可知中产阶级一个重要的价值观是要赚够钱，能达到自己的经济需求。所以本题选D。

　　44.D【解析】题意：第二段中“collectively”一词的意思是……

　　文中第二段第一句The middle class collectively holds several values and principles含有此词，本句意思是中产阶级共同持有一些价值观和原则。collectively是共同地、集体地意思。与commonly是同义词。全文将中产阶级作为一个整体来描述，当谈及中产阶级的价值观时，很明显是全体共有的，因此即使不知此词具体含义，也可以猜测出其大意，故本题选D。

　　45.C【解析】题意：1994年的调查显示很多美国人认为中产阶级……

　　文章最后一段讲述20世纪90年代中产阶级的景况。根据本段第二句…75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet，可知75%的美国人觉得中产阶级入不敷出。make ends meet为“收支相抵，量入为出”。本段倒数第二句Members of the middle class were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat也表明中产阶级已不能有力地维持其以往的生活方式.而要靠贷款来维持。所以本题中C项的说法是正确的。

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