职称英语考试历年真题原文：2011年阅读理解(卫生C)

　　第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个最佳答案。

　　第一篇 Attitudes to AIDS now

　　Most people say that the USA is making progress in fighting AIDS, but they don't know there's no cure and strongly disagree that "the AIDS epidemic is over." a new survey finds.

　　The findings, released Thursday by the Kaiser Family Foundation, reassure activists who have worried that public concern about AIDS might disappear in light of recent news about advances in treatment and declines in deaths.

　　"While people are very optimistic about the advances. they're still realistic about the fact that there is no cure", says Sophia Chang, director of HIV programs at the foundation.

　　The Kaiser survey, like a recent USA TODAY Gallup Poll, does find that the number of people ranking AIDS as the country's top health problem has fallen. In the Kaiser poll, 38% say it's the top concern, down from 44% in a 1996 poll; in the Gallup Poll, 29% say AIDS is No.1, down from 41% in 1992 and 67% in 1987.

　　Other findings from Kaiser, which polled more than 1,200 adults in September and 0ctober and asked additional questions of another 1.000 adults in November：

　　52% say the country is making progress against AIDS, up from 32% in 1995.

　　51% say the government spends too little on AIDS.

　　86% correctly say AIDS drugs can now lengthen lives; an equal number correctly say that the drugs are not cures.

　　67% incorrectly say that AIDS deaths increased or stayed the same in the past year; 24% know deaths fell.

　　Daniel Zingale, director of AIDS Action Council, says, "I'm encouraged that the American people are getting the message that the AIDS epidemic isn't over. I hope the decision-makers in Washington are getting the same message… We have seen signs of complacency (得意).''

　　31 Most people in the USA believe that

　　A AIDS is no longer an epidemic.

　　B AIDS is killing more people than before-.

　　C there is still no cure for AIDS.

　　D advances have been made in treating AIDS

　　32 Before the findings released by the Kaiser Family Foundation，activists worried that

　　A the government is too optimistic about the cure of AIDS.

　　B the Americans might not concern about AIDS any more.

　　C the deaths caused by AIDS may increase.

　　D scientists may not find cures for AIDS.

　　33 The results of the Kaiser survey and those of Gallup PolI are

　　A similar.

　　B different.

　　C both wrong.

　　D both unrealistic.

　　34 More than 50% people in the Kaiser poll agree that

　　A advances in AIDS treatment are too slow.

　　B AIDS is their top concern.

　　C the country spends too little on AIDS.

　　D AIDS deaths fell sharply.

　　35 The word "message" in the last paragraph means

　　A point.

　　B news.

　　C report.

　　D result.

　　第二篇 Sprained (扭伤) Ankle

　　One of the most common injuries teenagers and adults experience is a sprained ankle. A sprain occurs when the ligaments(韧带) of a joint are twisted(扭伤) and possibly torn. Ligaments are bands of fibers that hold the bones of a joint in position. A sprain can occur from a sudden twisting at the joint, or a stretching or tearing of the fibers of the ligaments. The injured area usually swells(肿胀) and becomes black and blue. Stepping off the sidewalk at the wrong angle or having one foot land in a hole while walking or running can leave you rolling on the ground in pain with an ankle on fire! If you cannot walk without experiencing intense pain, you must seek medical help. If the pain is manageable, and you can walk, here are three words to help you remember how to treat yourself:

　　■ Elevate(抬高)

　　■ Cool

　　■ Bandage(打绷带)

　　As soon as there is injury to that ligament, there will be a certain amount of bleeding under the skin. Once the blood pools around the damaged blood vessels, swelling occurs. The pressure from the swelling results in additional stress and tenderness to the region. In order to reduce the degree of swelling, lie down as soon as possible and keep the ankle elevated so that it is actually higher than your heart. Next, to reduce blood distribution and keep bleeding(流血) to minimum, apply a cold pack. After 20 minutes, take the pack off, wait half an hour, and then reapply. This can be several times a day for a total of three days.

　　Never leave a cold pack on for more than 20 minutes at a time. Reducing the temperature in that area for an extended period of time signals the body to increase blood flow to raise the body temperature! Therefore, one accidentally triggers(引起) more blood distribution to the affected area by leaving a cold pack on for too long! Finally, bandage the angle. Be careful not to wind it too tightly; doing so can restrict blood flow and cause harm to the entire foot.

　　36. A sprain is caused by

　　A blood vessels being hurt in the foot

　　B ligament fibers of a joint being twisted

　　C constantly changing body temperature

　　D elevating one's ankle

　　37. The black-and-blue symptom of a sprain is due to

　　A pressing one's ankle

　　B a tight bandage

　　C applying a cold pack

　　D bleeding under the skin

　　38. The word "it" in paragraph 2(line5) refers to

　　A injury

　　B pressure

　　C swelling

　　D ankle

　　39. Once the initial cold pack is removed, what is to be done?

　　A Begin bandaging the ankle

　　B Wait 30 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 20 minutes

　　C Keep the ankle in a position lower than your heart

　　D wait 20 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 30 minutes

　　40. The main idea of the passage is to explain

　　A how to treat a sprained ankle

　　B how a sprain occurs

　　C how to bandage an injured foot

　　D how to reduce the temperature of a wounded area.

　　第三篇 How to Be a Successful Businessperson

　　Have you ever wondered why some people are successful in business and others are not? Here's a story about one successful businessperson. He started out washing dishes and today he owns 168 restaurants.

　　Zubair Kazi was born in Bhatkal, a small town in southwest India. His dream was to be an airplane pilot, and when he was 16 years old, he learned to fly a small plane.

　　At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazi moved to the United States. He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California. Instead, he ended up working for a company that rented cars.

　　While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental (祖赁的) company, he frequently ate at a nearby KFC restaurant. To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC. For two months, he worked as a cook's assistant. His job was to clean the kitchen and help the cook. "I didn't like it," Mr. Kazi says, "but I always did the best I could."

　　One day, Mr. Kazi's two co-workers failed to come to work. That day, Mr. Kazi did the work of all three people in the kitchen. This really impressed the owners of the restaurant. A few months later, the owners needed a manager for a new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi. He worked hard as the manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit.

　　A few years later, Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money. The restaurant was dirty inside and the food was terrible. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought the restaurant. For the first six months, Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant from 8 a.m. t0 10 p.m., seven days a week. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant, remodeled the front of the building, and improved the cooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. lf someone had to wait more than ten minutes for their food, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before long the restaurant was making a profit.

　　A year later, Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit. With the money he earned, he bought three more restaurants that were losing money. Again,'he cleaned them up, improved the food, and retrained the employees. Before long these restaurants were making a profit, too.

　　Today Mr. Kazi owns 168 restaurants, but he isn't planning to stop there. He's looking for more poorly managed restaurants to buy. "I love it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it's a mess," Mr. Kazi says. "The only way it can go is up."

　　41 When Mr. Kazi was young, his dream was to

　　A sellcars.

　　B own a restaurant.

　　C be an airplane pilot.

　　D become a good cook.

　　42 Mr. Kazi decided to work with KFC to

　　A learn how to cook.

　　B save money for a car.

　　C save money on food.

　　D learn how to run a restaurant.

　　43 Mr. Kazi became the manager of a new restaurant because

　　A his co-workers praised him.

　　B he was a good cook.

　　C he knew how to run a restaurant.

　　D he worked very hard.

　　44 To save a failing restaurant, Mr. Kazi did all the following things, EXCEPT to

　　A advertize for it.

　　B clean it up

　　C improve the food.

　　D retrain the employees.

　　45 In the last paragraph, "it's a mess" means

　　A it's small.

　　B it's dirty.

　　C it's profitable.

　　D it's cheap.

　　第4 部分：阅读理解

　　31 、C 本题的答题依据是文章开头的这句话：Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to access it. 人人都有想象力，只是成年后，我们就忘了如 何取得想象力 (access it)。文章的目的就是教给成年人几种获得想象力的技巧，所以说成年人还是可以学会怎么样更加富有创意的。

　　32 、B 从第二段的这两句话 First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. 可以找到答案。蜡 烛只是一个例子。

　　33 、A 第三段的第一句话 Imagine that normal limitations don't exist. You have as much time/space/ money, etc. as you want. 是本题的答题依据。

　　34 、B put yourself in their shoes 是英语的一个成语，相当于汉语的“设身处地”。

　　35 、C 第三种技巧就是Look at the situation from a different point of view. 作者举了谈判者和小说家为例。推销员如要成用这一技巧就应该把自己置于顾客的位置上，问一问他们的需要是什么。

　　36 、B 第一段第三句说到，“免疫系统的这些细胞来回传递信息就像蜂群围绕峰巢飞跑一样”。

　　37 、D 第二段中间说，“免疫细胞与身体其他细胞在自我耐受的状态下和平共处”。

　　38 、A 第二段的中后部说到，“抗原以其自身从表面突出来的复杂而有特色的形状表明自己是一种异体物”，免疫细胞自然很容易识别它们。

　　39 、B 第三段第一句说，“任何能够激起免疫反应的物质就称为抗原”。其他三个选项不是与短文所说不符就是短文没有提到。

　　40 、A 文章的题目是“免疫功能”。第二段第一句可以概括短文的中心思想，选项 A 正是该句的意思。

　　41 、A 从第一段的前半部我们就可以知道，全球之所以重视这个问题就是因为有可能面对 它束手无策――对它无药可治。

　　42 、D prudent 意为“谨慎的”，careful 意为 “小心的”，“小心”与“谨慎”自然是同一概念。

　　43 、A 本题答案存在于第二段第一句，该句正是选项 A 的内容。

　　44 、A 选项 B、C、D 的内容在第五段中都提及，只有选项 A 的内容(“不许医院储存超过医院使用量的抗生素”)文章中并未提到。

　　45 、B 通读全篇短文以后我们知道，目前人类还没有找到解决这个问题的办法，所以还需继续研究。其他三个选项短文均未提到。