2019翻译资格考试三级笔译实务模拟题之文化篇（4）
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新疆木卡姆是流传于中国新疆各维吾尔族聚居区的各种木卡姆的总称，是集歌、舞、乐于一体的大型综合艺术形式。由于维吾尔木卡姆艺术肇始于本土的民间文化、发展于各绿洲城邦国宫廷及都府官邸，经过整合与交融后又返播积淀在民间，成为既体现着古代宫廷的精英文化又展现出乡村市井的民间文化的集中 代表。她既代表了宫廷城镇的主流雅文化，又涵盖了市井乡村的边缘俗文化。在维吾尔人的特定文化语境中，“木卡姆”已经成为包容文学、音乐、舞蹈、说唱、戏 剧乃至民族认同、宗教信仰等各种艺术成份和文化意义的词语。
Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam
The Art of Chinese Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam (木卡姆 Mùkǎmǔ) is a representative name of various kinds of Muqam in China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区 Xīnjiāng Wéiwù'ěr Zìzhì Qū), where people contrived this large-scale musical complex with songs, dances, and music. Because Uyghur Muqam art is a folk culture initiated among the local people, developed in palaces and official mansions of the city-states of different oases and spread again among the common people after integration and blend, it has became a focus representation reflecting both ancient imperial elite culture and demonstrating the rural and civic culture. It represents the mainstream elegant culture of the palaces and cities and embodies the marginal secular culture rooted in country and town. In the specific cultural context of Uygur people, Muqam has become a word embodying the artistic forms of literature, music, dance, rap, drama and even the cultural significance of national identity and religious belief etc.
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