2020上半年翻译资格考试二级笔译备考试题七

Consumers: The Wild, Wild East(节选)

A booming middle class is creating the world’s most dynamic consumer market

消费者：狂野东部(节选)

中产阶级的兴起正在造就世界上最具活力的消费市场

Are you being served?

Much of this new economy is moving on from supplying goods to providing services. In most rich countries services make up at least three-quarters of GDP, but in China they account for only half. The rising middle class is demanding better services in everything from health care to finance to entertainment. Both foreign and local investors are rushing in to fill the gap.考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。

Two decades ago films made by Walt Disney, an American entertainment giant, were banned on the Chinese mainland, but now China is Disney’s most promising market. The company’s latest “Avengers” film earned over $200m in local theatres in its first two weeks. In May Disney opened its largest-ever retail store in Shanghai. And next year Shanghai Disney, a $5.5 billion theme park, will be ready to receive the crowds. Dalian Wanda, which made its fortune in property, is building a massive $8 billion film studio in Qingdao and will be spending over $30 billion on theme parks across China, confronting Disney head on.

Kai-fu Lee of Innovation Works believes that service startups are capable of creating billion-dollar industries. He points to Helijia, a firm valued at $300m that provides pedicures in people’s homes. “They can train workers affordably; Chinese love getting pampered; and our urban density allows this… you can’t do this in Kansas.” His firm is funding firms delivering services ranging from haircuts to car maintenance.

Jean Liu, president of Didi Kuaidi, thinks the sharing economy will allow scarce resources to be used more efficiently. Her ride-sharing firm counts both Tencent and Alibaba as investors. It offers everything from fancy cars and taxis to shuttle buses and car pools – or even someone on a bicycle to drive you home in your own car. It clocks up 6m rides a day, far outpacing Uber.

Neusoft, based in Shenyang, a city in China’s gritty industrial north-east, was started in 1991 with just $3,000 by Liu Jiren, an erstwhile academic. It is now one of China’s biggest IT-services providers. Having created a computer operating system that quickly got ripped off, his firm nearly went under. That taught him the value of protecting intellectual property. When he was a visiting scholar at an American government laboratory, he noticed that academics worked closely with corporate researchers. That inspired him to invest heavily in R&D. Among many other things, Neusoft makes systems that allow medical records to be viewed on mobiles. It is also developing a shared-services business model for medical equipment that will allow users to pay by transaction.

What helped Neusoft take off, says Mr Liu, was that there were no SOEs to block new software firms. “The Chinese state today is technologically sophisticated… but that was not the case at the start of the IT boom,” says Mr Liu. “We got lucky because the IT sector was so new, so driven by talent, that the government didn’t understand how it worked.”

你在享受服务吗?

这一新经济的很大部分正从提供产品转向提供服务。在大多数富裕国家，服务业至少占到GDP的四分之三，但在中国，这一比例只有一半。崛起的中产阶级在各方面都要求更好的服务，从医疗保健到金融服务，再到休闲娱乐。外国和本土投资者都蜂拥而至，填补空白。

二十年前，中国大陆还禁止上映美国娱乐巨头迪士尼公司发行的影片，而如今，中国已成为迪士尼最具潜力的市场。该公司最新一部《复仇者联盟》在国内院线上映的头两周票房就超过2亿美元。5月，迪士尼有史以来最大的零售店在上海开业。明年，投资55亿美元的上海迪士尼乐园将建成迎客。以地产起家的大连万达正在青岛建设投资达80亿美元的影视基地，还将投入超过300亿美元在全国各地建立主题公园，与迪士尼针锋相对。

创新工场的李开复认为，服务业创业公司能够形成多个数十亿美元的产业。他以河狸家为例，这家提供上门美甲服务的公司估值为3亿美元。“他们以合理的成本培训工人。中国人乐于享受，中国的城市密度也方便上门服务……你不可能在堪萨斯这样干。”创新工场为从理发到汽车保养的一系列服务型企业提供融资。

滴滴快的的总裁柳青认为共享经济将可以更有效地利用稀缺资源。她的乘车共享公司背后的投资者包括腾讯和阿里巴巴。该公司提供各类服务，从豪华车到出租车，从班车到拼车，甚至可以安排人骑自行车赶来提供代驾。它每日订单达600万，远超优步。

1991年，从前是大学教授的刘积仁以区区3000美元起家，在中国多沙的传统工业区东北的沈阳市创建了东软集团。该公司如今是中国最大的IT服务供应商之一。东软曾经开发出一套计算机操作系统，很快就被剽窃，公司几乎破产，这让刘积仁知道了保护知识产权的价值。还在美国的一个政府实验室做访问学者时，他就注意到了那里的学者和企业的研发人员密切合作。受此启发，他大量投资于研发。东软开发的很多产品中包括可以在手机上查看病历的系统。另一种医疗设备共享服务的商业模式也在开发之中，它让用户可以按交易付费。

刘积仁认为，东软能够起飞，是因为当时没有国有企业阻碍新软件公司。“现在中国政府在技术上很有经验……但在IT刚刚兴起时不是这样，”刘积仁说，“我们运气很好，当时IT产业太新，太依赖人才推动，政府不懂它的运作。”

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