2020上半年翻译考试catti三级笔译练习题十三

The World Bank: Malpass v Malpass

世界银行：马尔帕斯左右互搏(节选)

The new boss will find that the job is harder to do than it was to get

这位新行长的工作得来不难，做起来却不易

When he was nominated to lead the World Bank by President Donald Trump, David Malpass, a former Treasury official, faced no rival for the position. He was approved unanimously by the bank’s board, which represents its 189 member governments, and began work promptly earlier this month. The process could not have been easier. But stiffer resistance lies ahead. Chances are that nothing in the job will become him like the entering it.

The institution he now leads is dedicated to eradicating poverty and fighting inequality. By its estimates, 10% of the world’s population (736m people) lived below the global poverty line in 2015 and perhaps 8.6% did in 2018. It aims to lower that share to 3% by 2030.考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。

Because poverty is falling quickly in India and Bangladesh, most of the people living so uncomfortably now reside in sub-Saharan Africa, especially Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of Congo. They are harder to reach, concentrated in “fragile” regions, afflicted by violence. They would benefit greatly from sound economic policies and rapid GDP growth. But in these settings, the bank cannot always count on governments using its money and advice well. It therefore tends to back tightly monitored projects that benefit the poor directly. A big initiative in Congo, for example, helps women giving birth and vaccinates children against tuberculosis, hepatitis B and other diseases.

Mr Malpass no doubt applauds such efforts. But his animating passions lie elsewhere. He wants the bank to focus on promoting economic growth: “breakthroughs that materially raise median incomes”, as he wrote in the Financial Times shortly after his nomination. Bank insiders say he has shown a close interest in the world’s ten biggest emerging markets. Understanding their paths to growth may yield lessons for others. And improving their growth prospects would benefit both their own large populations and the world economy, in which they now weigh heavily.

美国前财政部官员戴维·马尔帕斯被总统特朗普提名为世界银行行长时，没有遇到任何竞争对手。代表189个成员国政府的世行董事会一致通过了对马尔帕斯的任命，他旋即于本月稍早时走马上任。整个过程毫不费力，但前路艰难。这份工作很可能是得来顺风顺水，做起来却诸事不顺。

他所领导的世行致力于消除贫困，对抗不平等。据世行估计，2015年全球有10%的人口(7.36亿人)生活在全球贫困线以下，2018年的数字可能是8.6%。世行的目标是到2030年将这一比例降至3%。

由于印度和孟加拉国的贫困程度正在迅速减轻，现在大多数生活在贫困线以下的人都居住在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，特别是尼日利亚和刚果(金)。他们集中在暴力肆虐的“脆弱”地区，扶贫举措难以触及。健全的经济政策和快速的GDP增长能让这些贫困人口受益匪浅。但在这些地区，世行没法总是指望当地政府能妥善利用其资金和建议。因此，它倾向于资助那些它能严密监控、直接惠及穷人的项目。例如世行在刚果(金)实施的一项重大举措就是帮助妇女安全分娩，以及为儿童接种结核病、乙肝等疾病的疫苗。

马尔帕斯无疑对此类项目表示赞赏。但他的工作热情不在于此。他希望世行专注于促进经济增长，要像他在被提名后不久在《金融时报》撰文所写的那样，实施“可切实提高收入中位数的突破性举措”。世行内部人士表示，他对全球十大新兴市场表现出浓厚兴趣。了解它们的发展道路或许能为其他发展中国家提供经验。另外，这些新兴市场如今在世界经济中占有重要地位，改善它们的增长前景会令其自身的庞大人口和世界经济双双受益。

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