2014职称英语考试语法辅导之被动语态

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　　被动语态的句子中,主语是动作的承受者，即行为的对象。

　　被动语态的构成：是由助动词be加上及物动词的过去分词。be的人称和数要和句中主语一致，并表现出时态特征。

　　Ⅰ.用法

　　(1)一般现在时

　　All our shoes are made by hand.

　　The article is retailed at a higher price than when it was bought wholesale.

　　(2)一般过去时

　　She was praised for her economical management of the budget.

　　An urgent telephone call was made to the company's treasure.

　　(3)一般将来时

　　You will be introduced to the office building.

　　Will storekeepers be prosecuted for raising prices without government permission?

　　(4)过去将来时

　　She told me that her father would be taken to hospital the next morning.

　　(5)现在完成时

　　These trade terms have been developed by mercantile custom and standardized to a certain extent.

　　(6)过去完成时

　　They told him that the meeting had been cancelled.

　　(7)现在进行时

　　In some developed countries, children are being taught by computers.

　　Computers are being used to predict the weather.

　　(8)过去进行时

　　The conversation was being recorded.

　　The street was being widened.

　　(9)动词不定式的被动结构

　　A new study plan (work plan) has to be made.

　　He will have to be tried for murder.

　　Ⅱ.不定式被动语态用于下列场合：

　　(1)当我们不知道或者没有必要说明谁是动作的执行者时

　　My watch has been stolen.

　　On Saturday night, on her way home from work, she was robbed.

　　(2)当我们要强调动作的承受者时

　　Qu Yuan is also remembered on this day.

　　He will never be forgotten.

　　(3)当出于礼貌、措词等方面的考虑不愿说出谁是动作的执行者时，例如：

　　You are requested to give a performance.

　　Ⅲ.分词主动句表示被动含义

　　及物动词need, want, require, deserve, bear等之后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。

　　This issue requires dealing with great care.

　　The new instruments want very careful handling.

　　Ⅳ.职称英语测试点：

　　1)According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated. 本文|由中华会计网校独家整理。

　　2)Hundreds of books are published every year and are read by all kinds of people.

　　3)Italy’s 30,000 hotels are booked solid every summer.

　　4)Knowing how to solve problems is considered more important than the accumulation of facts.

　　5)Personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid.

　　6)In many countries more than a quarter of all deaths are caused by cancer.

　　7)The social stability of the world is no longer threatened by global wars.

　　8)The labor force should be informed of major policy decisions.

　　9)Many kinds of stone are used as building materials.

　　10)Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself.